Mountainview Tavern attack

{{Short description|1975 attack on Mountview Tavern by Irish republicans}}

{{Infobox civilian attack

| title = Mountainview Tavern attack

| partof = The Troubles

| image = Mountainview Tavern, Upper Shankill - geograph.org.uk - 3209630.jpg

| image_size = 200px

| alt =

| caption = The Tavern

| location = Mountainview Tavern
Shankill Road,
Belfast, Northern Ireland

| coordinates = {{coord|54.604008|N|5.948119|W|type:event|display=it|format=dms}}

| date = 5 April 1975

| time = 18:00 GMT

| type = Shooting, bombing

| weapons = Hand guns
Time bomb

| fatalities = 5 (4 Protestant civilians, 1 UDA member)

| injuries = 60

| perp = Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade Claimed by Republican Action Force

}}

On 5 April 1975 Irish republican paramilitary members killed a UDA volunteer and four Protestant civilians in a gun and bomb attack at the Mountainview Tavern on the Shankill Road, Belfast. The attack was claimed by the Republican Action Force believed to be a covername used by Provisional IRA (IRA) volunteers.

The first British Soldiers to arrive on the scene were a patrol unit of the Royal Fusiliers, three of whom were teenagers in their first year of service.

Background and events leading up to the attack

By 1975, the ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles was more than six years old. On 10 February 1975, the Provisional IRA and British government entered into a truce and restarted negotiations. The IRA agreed to halt attacks on the British security forces, and the security forces mostly ended its raids and searches.[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/truce/kelley88.htm Extracts from The Longest War: Northern Ireland and the IRA by Kevin J. Kelley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919153020/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/truce/kelley88.htm |date=19 September 2012 }}. Zed Books Ltd, 1988. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) However, there were dissenters on both sides. Some Provisionals wanted no part of the truce, while British commanders resented being told to stop their operations against the IRA just when—they claimed—they had the Provisionals on the run. The security forces boosted their intelligence offensive during the truce and thoroughly infiltrated the IRA.

There was a rise in sectarian killings during the truce, which 'officially' lasted until early 1976. Ulster loyalists, fearing they were about to be forsaken by the British government and forced into a united Ireland,Taylor, Peter (1999). Loyalists. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p.142 increased their attacks on the Irish Catholic and nationalist community. They hoped to force the IRA to retaliate and thus hasten an end to the truce.Taylor, Peter. Brits: The War Against the IRA. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2001. p.182 Under orders not to engage the security forces, some IRA units concentrated on tackling the loyalists. The fall-off of regular operations had caused serious problems of internal discipline and some IRA members, with or without permission from higher up the command chain, engaged in tit-for-tat killings.

The Mountainview Tavern had been attacked before when, on the night of 23 May 1971 the IRA bombed the building with 18-20 lbs of high explosives, the blast injured 18 people.{{Cite web|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1971-05-26/debates/21dbee9a-7a07-43ab-82ed-268ccc72eec3/NorthernIreland|title=Northern Ireland - Hansard - UK Parliament}}

The attack

The attack was carried out by a three-man active service unit. At around 6.00pm two members of the unit opened fire in the bar with handguns before the third member of the unit ran in with the bomb, placed it where it would do most damage near the doorway, lit the fuse and then the unit ran out of the pub and drove away.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-17218930 |title=Man arrested over 1975 Shankill bar bombing |publisher=BBC News |date=2012-03-01 |access-date=2017-01-14}} The force of the explosion was massive and brought the roof crashing in on the customers. The bar was packed with people waiting to watch the Grand National horse race when the attack happened. The getaway car used in the attack was found abandoned in the Springfield Road area:{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} a stronghold for the IRA. It took rescue services hours to free people from the rubble.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} The incident was said to be deeply traumatic for the British soldiers first on the scene that it was responsible for the medical discharge of several of them in the same year.

Sources

[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html CAIN project ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324044004/http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html |date=24 March 2016 }}