Movima language

Movima is spoken in the locations of 18 de Noviembre, 20 de Enero, Bella Flor, Buen Día, Carmen de Iruyañez, Carnavales, Ipimo, Miraflores, Navidad, San Lorenzo, and the town of Santa Ana del Yacuma. The Movima community reported that there are approximately 500 adult speakers as of 2012.{{cite book |editor-last=Epps |editor-first=Patience |editor-last2=Michael |editor-first2=Lev |title=Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |date=2023 |isbn=978-3-11-043273-2}}{{rp|807}}

Movima has five vowels:

{{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} more closely resemble {{IPA|[ɛ]}} and {{IPA|[ɔ]}}, respectively, than the close-mid vowels {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}}. Vowels have a phonemic length distinction, although some prosodic processes can lengthen otherwise short vowels. Movima does not have tone.{{cite web |url=http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_mov |title=WALS – Movima |access-date=2008-10-24 |work=World Atlas of Language Structures Online}}

The plosive {{IPA|/p/}} is realized as {{IPA|[p]}} in the syllable onset but as {{IPA|[pʔᵐ]}} (which contrasts with the simple nasal phoneme {{IPA|/m/}}) in the coda. Similarly, {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} are realized as {{IPA|[tʔⁿ]}} and {{IPA|[ʔ^ɤ]}} (i.e., as a glottal stop with a vocalic release), respectively, in the syllable coda. In vowel-initial words and between adjacent vowels, an epenthetic glottal stop appears.

The phonemes {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} are only present in Spanish loanwords.

In Movima, compounding and incorporation are productive derivational processes. Reduplication and affixation, including some processes (such as the irrealis marker (k)a') that resemble infixation, are also common. Typical examples of inflection, such as number, case, tense, mood, and aspect, are not obligatorily marked in Movima. Many derivational processes can be applied to a single Movima word. The same morpheme may appear multiple times in one word this way, for instance, tikoy-na-poj-na "I make X kill Y."

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |author-link=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |location=Los Angeles}}

:

Further vocabulary:

:

• Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)

• Judy, R. A.; Judy, J. (1962). Movima y castellano. (Vocabularios Bolivianos, 1). Vocabularios Bolivianos. Cochabamba: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

{{reflist}}

• [http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_mov World Atlas of Language Structures information on Movima]
• [http://www.ru.nl/lenguasdebolivia/ Lenguas de Bolivia] (online edition)
• [https://ids.clld.org/contributions/285 Movima] (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
• [https://doreco.huma-num.fr/languages/movi1243 Movima DoReCo corpus] compiled by Katharina Haude. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.

{{Languages of Bolivia}}

{{language families}}

{{South American languages}}

{{Jesuit Missions of Moxos}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Movima Language}}

Category:Language isolates of South America

Category:Languages of Bolivia

Category:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area