Mowag MR 8
{{Short description|German border forces and police armored personnel carrier}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = MOWAG MR 8-01 WOTAN
| image = MOWAG Wotan.JPG
| image_size = 300
| caption = MOWAG WOTAN prototype at the Swiss Military Museum
| origin = Switzerland
| type =
| is_vehicle = yes
| service =
| used_by = Germany
| wars =
| designer = MOWAG Motorwagenfabrik AG Kreuzlingen
| design_date =
| manufacturer = Büssing (Germany)
Henschel (Germany)
| unit_cost =
| production_date = 1963
| number = 600–700
| variants = SW1, SW2
| weight = {{convert|8200|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| length =
| part_length =
| width =
| height =
| diameter =
| crew = SW1: 7 (driver, commander, and five passengers in the rear)
SW2: 4 (driver, commander, and two passengers in the rear)
| armour =
| primary_armament = SW2a 20mm autocannon
SW2b MG 3 machine gun
| secondary_armament =
| engine = 6-cylinder diesel engine Büssing / Henschel / Daimler Benz
| engine_power = 118 kW / 161 PS
| transmission = ZF transmission, 5 forward gears, 1 reverse
| payload_capacity =
| fuel_capacity =
| pw_ratio =
| suspension = 4x4 wheeled
| clearance =
| vehicle_range = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| speed = {{convert|85|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} on road
{{convert|42|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} off-road
{{convert|12|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} through water
| guidance =
}}
The MOWAG MR 8 (WOTAN) is a border force and police armoured personnel carrier.{{cite magazine|title=MOWAG Armoured Personnel Carrier|magazine=War Machines|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|url=https://www.breakoutcards.co.uk/mowag-armoured-personnel-carrier---war-machines---in-combat-fact-file-2-pages#gallery|location=London|pages=181–182|date=1991–1993|access-date=2024-08-30}} It was developed by Mowag in Switzerland and built under licence in West Germany.{{Cite web|title=Einsatzfahrzeug: BGxx-xx - Büssing - SW 2 (a.D.)|trans-title=Service Vehicle: BGxx-xx - Büssing - SW 2 (retired)|url=https://bos-fahrzeuge.info/einsatzfahrzeuge/120754/BGxx-xx_-_Buessing_-_SW_2_aD/photo/55603|first=Patrik|last=Kalinowski|publisher=BOS-FAHRZEUGE.INFO|date=2015|page=|language=de|access-date=2024-08-17|isbn=}}{{Cite web|title=Einsatzfahrzeug: Geschützter Sonderwagen II (a.D.)|trans-title=Service Vehicle: Armoured Special Vehicle II (retired)|url=https://bos-fahrzeuge.info/einsatzfahrzeuge/55603/BGxx-xx_-_SW_II_aD/photo/55603|first=Patrik|last=Kalinowski|publisher=BOS-FAHRZEUGE.INFO|date=2015|page=|language=de|access-date=2024-08-17|isbn=}}{{Cite web|title=Panzer, Kanonen und andere Waffenträger Geschützter Sonderwagen II (SW II) 4 x 4: beim Bundesgrenzschutz|trans-title=Tanks, cannons and other weapon carriers Armoured Special Vehicle II (SW II) 4 x 4: of the Federal Border Guard|url=https://bos-fahrzeuge.info/einsatzfahrzeuge/55603/BGxx-xx_-_SW_II_aD/photo/55603|first=|last=|publisher=Ashampoo Air & Car Services GmbH & Co. KG|date=2015|page=|language=de|access-date=2024-08-17|isbn=}}
History
The WOTAN was introduced in 1963 in West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) as a Special Vehicle (Sonderwagen) in versions SW1 and SW2 for the Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz) and the Readiness (Riot) Police (Bereitschaftspolizei) of the German states.
The special vehicle SW1 had no armament of its own and featured an unusual split-open observation turret-hatch (cupola), whereas the special vehicle SW2 came in two versions featuring a one-man 360° rotating turret: SW2a with a Hispano-Suiza HS.820 autocannon, later upgraded to a Rheinmetall Mk 20 Rh-202 300-round autocannon (carrying 200 HE and 100 AP rounds), and SW2b with a 500-round dismountable MG 3 machine gun. Additionally, the SW2 had three smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret. Both the SW1 and SW2 versions featured roof-mounted Bosch RKLE 90 or Hella KLJ 60 blue police light beacons.
The Federal Border Guard referred to the SW1 and SW2, also as Kfz 91 and Kfz 92, respectively Kfz stands for Kraftfahrzeug, meaning motor vehicle. MOWAG delivered the first 20 special vehicles, and around 600–700 were built under license by Büssing and Henschel in West Germany, with the armoured chassis supplied by Blohm+Voss.
Other variants were built, such as a mortar launching vehicle, but these found no buyers. A WOTAN prototype, which was tested by the German Federal Border Guard, is now in the Swiss Military Museum.Militärmuseum Full SwitzerlandMarcus Bauer, Nutzfahrzeuge der MOWAG Motorwagenfabrik AG, Fachpresse Goldach, Hudson & Company, 1996 {{ISBN|9783857380563}} An amphibious version was marketed as the Mowag Grenadier.
The MOWAG MR 8 was replaced from 1983 by the Thyssen-Henschel TM-170 armoured personnel carrier.{{Cite web|title=Military Vehicles Forecast: TM 170 - Archived Report 8/2004|url=https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_pdf.cfm?DACH_RECNO=419|website=Forecast International: Intelligence Center}}
Design
The four-wheel drive (4×4) vehicle had a small turning radius and was equipped with 2-axle steering. The arrangement of the engine installed in the rear left allowed the crew to park the vehicle and exit from the side and rear.
Variants
- MR 8 "SW1": also known as Kfz91. Armoured personnel carrier with a small observation turret-hatch (cupola) and no integral weapon. The turret hatch is split down the centre, allowing it to open vertically, in each half there are three vision blocks. Crew: 7; commander (right-hand side), driver (left-hand side), and five equipped infantry personnel in the rear compartment.
- MR 8 "SW2a": also known as Kfz92. Armoured personnel carrier with a one-man 360° rotating turret, initially equipped with a Hispano-Suiza HS.820 autocannon, later upgraded to a Rheinmetall Mk 20 Rh-202 300-round autocannon, and three smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret. Crew: 4; commander (right-hand side), driver (left-hand side), and two equipped infantry personnel in the rear compartment.
- MR 8 "SW2b": also known as Kfz92. Armoured personnel carrier equipped with a 500-round dismountable MG 3 machine gun and three smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret. Crew: 4; commander (right-hand side), driver (left-hand side), and two equipped infantry personnel in the rear compartment.
- MR 8-09: 20 mm Rheinmetall Mk 20 Rh-202 autocannon upgrade.
- MR 8-20: unguided rocket and ATGM variant, with provision for twin 8 cm unguided missile launchers.
- MR 8-23: heavy fire support and tank hunter vehicle with 90 mm medium-pressure gun and 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and two-man turret.
- MR 9-32: 120 mm mortar carrier.
Gallery
File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F010413-0001,_Lübeck,_Jubiläum_BGS,_Parade.jpg|10th anniversary of the Federal Border Guard (BGS, Bundesgrenzschutz) in SW1 armoured personnel carries; parade in the presence of Federal Minister of the Interior Gerhard Schröder and BGS Brigadier General Alfred Samlowski, Lübeck, May 1961.
File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F045459-0003, Bonn, Bewachung des Bundeskanzleramts.jpg|SW1 armoured personnel carrier of the Federal Border Guard (BGS, Bundesgrenzschutz) guarding the Federal Chancellery ("Palais Schaumburg"), Bonn, May 1975.
File:ReForGer 86 in Nurnberg, West Germany 1986.jpg|SW1 armoured personnel carriers of the Federal Border Guard (BGS, Bundesgrenzschutz) taking part in Exercise Reforger, West Germany, 1986.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Modern IFV and APC}}
Category:Wheeled armoured fighting vehicles
Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of Switzerland
Category:Internal security vehicles
Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s
Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers