Muʻa (Tongatapu)
{{Short description|Town on the island of Tongatapu}}
Mu{{okina}}a is a small town in the Hahake (eastern) district on the island of Tongatapu, and it was for centuries the ancient capital of the Tuʻi Tonga Empire. It is divided in the villages Lapaha and Tatakamotonga, is close to Talasiu and famous for the ancient langi (royal burial tombs).
Geography
Mu{{okina}}a is situated along the eastern side of the lagoon of Tongatapu. Except for a {{convert|50|to|200|m||adj=mid|-wide}} zone along the shore which was once mangrove-ridden swamplands, now largely landfilled with stones, the remainder of the settlement is on high-lying red volcanic soil of high fertility. Mu{{okina}}a is flanked along the east by high terrain atop of which the village of Lapaha is situated, while immediately bordering the south of Mu{{okina}}a is the much larger town of Tatakamotonga. Adjacent to the north, but not considered part of Mu{{okina}}a, is the village of Talasiu.
Demography
According to the 1996 census there were 3,900 people living Mu{{okina}}a, a number expected to rise to 4,900 if confirmed by the November 2006 census.
Most people of Lapaha are Catholic, while Tatakamotonga is largely Wesleyan, although both see an increasing number of Mormons. This has a historical reason: the last Tu{{okina}}i Tonga was Roman Catholic and lived in Lapaha.
Tatakamotonga has a government primary school in the northwestern part of the village and a high school run by the Wesleyan church (Tapunisiliva, eastern branch of Tupou high school) in the northeast. Lapaha has a government primary school and a high school run by the Roman Catholic Church (Takuilau) at the eastern end of the village.
History
Mu{{okina}}a was at one time the center of Lapita culture in Tonga (about 2,000 years ago) and later (twelfth to sixteenth century CE) the capital of the Tu{{okina}}i Tonga Empire. After the disintegration of the empire it remained the capital of the Tu{{okina}}i Tonga (Tonga kings), up to the nineteenth century, but was rather a spiritual centre and no longer a source of political power.
The Tu{{okina}}i Tonga and his retinue stayed in Lapaha, his residence being Olotele and {{okina}}Ahofakasiu, while Takuilau was for his wives (not to be confused with the current high school of the same name but further to the east). Subchiefs and servants on the other hand lived in Tatakamotonga.
When, around 1470, the Tu{{okina}}i Tonga line started to lose power to the Tu{{okina}}i Ha{{okina}}atakalaua, and another century later to the Tu{{okina}}i Kanokupolu, chiefs belonging to these lines were not welcome in Mu{{okina}}a, and had to stay on the low-lying coastal areas, separated from the 'real' chiefs (i.e. those belonging to the Tu{{okina}}i Tonga) by the Hala Fonuamoa (dry land road). The former became known as the kauhalalalo (low road people) and the latter as the kauhala{{okina}}uta (inland road people), which nowadays are still two important moieties in Tonga.
Burial tombs
Whatever political power the Tu{{okina}}i Tonga yielded to their rivals, they gained in spiritual power, and as a kind of high priest they were perhaps even more awesome than as kings. When a Tu{{okina}}i Tonga died he was buried in one of the huge tomb hills, known as langi, of which there are still at least two dozen in Lapaha. The Tu{{okina}}i Ha{{okina}}atakalaua were also buried in such tombs, but they are called fale instead.
The langi are big, artificial hills surrounded by huge slabs of coral rock, usually in three or more tiered layers. These slabs were quarried from several places along the coast of Tongatapu or neighbouring minor islands. The waves of the sea made them over the centuries, by compacting coral sand into layers of {{convert|10|to|20|cm|abbr=off}} thick. They were only to be dug out and then transported by boat to the building site. Nevertheless, the accuracy by which the slabs were cut to shape so that they fit along each other with barely any space to spare is remarkable.
One of the best-preserved langi is the Paepae-o-Tele{{okina}}a, which is even more remarkable as the slabs along the corner really have an 'L' shape.
The story that the slabs were moved by magic means from {{okina}}Uvea to Tonga is just a myth. {{okina}}Uvea is volcanic and has not got the proper geology. This fact has always been known, as shown, for example by a stanza of the poem named Laveofo from around the 18th century by Tufui.
| class="wikitable"
| Ko e Pangaimotu mo Makaha{{okina}}a | The islands Pangaimotu and Makaha{{okina}}a |
The last Tu{{okina}}i Tonga, Laufiltonga was buried in langi Tu{{okina}}ofefafa. Having died as a Catholic, his grave is still marked with a huge cross.
The langi are still used nowadays as burial sites. When the Kalaniuvalu chief died in 1999 he was buried in the Paepae o Tele{{okina}}a. When the Tu{{okina}}i Pelehake chief, {{okina}}Uluvalu and his wife Kaimana died in 2006, they were buried in langi Nā Moala.
The remaining groundworks of an old, deserted fort on the border of Talasiu and Lapaha are also worthwhile visiting.
=List=
According to the matāpule Makalangahiva (variations by other informants)
- Langi Tu{{okina}}o teau
- Langi Kātoa
- Langi Fanakava ki langi
- Langi Tu{{okina}}o fefafa
- Langi Tau {{okina}}a tonga
- Langi Malu {{okina}}a tonga
- Langi Leka
- Langi Sinai
- Langi Taetaea
- Langi Fa{{okina}}apite
- Langi Tōfā ua
- Langi Nukulau {{okina}}uluaki
- Langi Nukulau ua
- Langi Fo{{okina}}ou
- Langi Hahake
- Langi {{okina}}o Luani
- Langi Tauhala
- Langi Paepae {{okina}}o Tele{{okina}}a (or Paepae o Tele{{okina}}a)
- Langi Nā Moala
- Langi Hēhēa
- Langi {{okina}}Esi {{okina}}a e kona
- Langi Malomaloa{{okina}}a
- Langi Nakuli ki langi
- Fale Lo{{okina}}āmanu
- Fale Fakauō
- Fale Tui(nga)papai
- Fale Pulemālō
- Fale Tauhakeleva
Fā{{okina}}onelua
The nickname of Lapaha is Paki mo e to{{okina}}i (picked with sap), referring to the many sweet smelling flowers which were to be picked regularly to be made into kahoa, (flower garlands) for the lords. Likewise Tatakamotonga is also known as Kolokakala (fragrant town) and other variants of this name.
An important tree with beautiful red flowers grew (and still grows) on the coastal marshland. Its name is Fā{{okina}}onelua and it is a unique species of mangrove. Only the Tu{{okina}}i Tonga was allowed to wear its flowers as a garland, and as such the name has become a symbol for his reign.
Notable Person
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- E. W. Gifford, Tongan placenames, BPB 111, 1923
{{Coord|21|10|45|S|175|07|0|W |region:TO_type:city |display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mu'a (Tongatapu)}}
Category:Populated places in Tonga