Muda River
{{Short description|River in Kedah, Malaysia}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Muda River
| native_name ={{native name|ms|Sungai Muda}}
| image = Ulu_Muda_Forest_from_a_longtail_boat.JPG
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
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| source1_location = Ulu Muda, Sik District, Kedah
| mouth_location = Sungai Petani/Kuala Muda, into the Straits of Malacca
| progression =
| basin_population = Towns and settlements along the river basin Sik
Kuala Ketil
Kepala Batas (Penang)
Sungai Petani
Kota Kuala Muda
| etymology =
| length = {{convert|203|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| river_system =
| tributaries_left = Ketil River; Sedim River
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The Muda River ({{langx|ms|Sungai Muda}}) is the longest river in Kedah, Malaysia.
Course
Sourced in Ulu Muda Forest in Sik region in northeastern Kedah, along the border with Thailand, the river meets the water needs of the states of Kedah and Penang. The river flows through much of Sik region, then entering the Baling region where it meets with the Ketil river, a left-bank tributary, at Kuala Ketil.
It then flows westward, passing through the southern suburbs of Kedah's second largest city Sungai Petani, and forming the natural boundary between Kuala Muda District and North Seberang Perai District on the Penangite side. The Muda river then empties into the Straits of Malacca at Kota Kuala Muda (Kuala Muda meaning lower Muda, or the estuary of the Muda river in Malay).
Towns and settlements along the river basin
Infrastructure
Climatology
The Muda River Basin received an annual precipitation of {{cvt|2160 to 2000|mm}} a year from 1985 to 2015. Mean monthly maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature at the Ampangan Muda station ranged from {{cvt|30.9 to 34.5|°C}} and {{cvt|21 to 23.5|°C}}, respectively.{{Cite journal |last=Tan |first=Mou Leong |last2=Samat |first2=Narimah |last3=Chan |first3=Ngai Weng |last4=Lee |first4=Anisah Jessica |last5=Li |first5=Cheng |date=2019 |title=Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature Extremes over the Muda River Basin, Malaysia |journal=Water |language=en |volume=11 |issue=2 |at=Article 283 |doi=10.3390/w11020283 |doi-access=free}}
Hydrology
During the monsoon season the rain can lead to heavy flooding. On 6 October 2003, the discharge at Landang Victoria River gauging station was 1340 m3/s.{{Cite journal |last=Julien |first=P. Y. |last2=Ghani |first2=A. Ab. |last3=Zakaria |first3=N. A. |last4=Abdullah |first4=R. |last5=Chang |first5=C. K. |date=2010 |title=Case Study: Flood Mitigation of the Muda River, Malaysia |url=http://redac.eng.usm.my/html/publish/2010_02.pdf |journal=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering |language=en |volume=136 |issue=4 |pages=251–261 |doi=10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000163 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306142659/http://redac.eng.usm.my/html/publish/2010_02.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Geography of Kedah}}
{{Geography of Penang}}
{{Coord|5|34|N|100|20|E|display=title|region:MY_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}