Muhammad II of Córdoba

{{redirect-distinguish|Muhammad ibn Hisham|Ibn Hisham}}

{{Short description|Caliph of Córdoba during 1009}}

{{Infobox royalty

| name = Mohammed II al-Mahdi
{{lang|ar|محمد بن هشام بن عبد الجبار}}

| image =

| title = al-Mahdī bi'llah

| succession = 4th Caliph of Córdoba

| birth_date = 976

| birth_place = Córdoba, Caliphate of Córdoba

| death_date = {{death year and age|1010|976}}

| death_place = Córdoba, Caliphate of Córdoba

| father = Hisham bin Abd al-Jabbar bin Abd ar-Rahman III

| mother = Muzna

| reign = 1009

| predecessor = Hisham II

| successor = Sulayman ibn al-Hakam

| dynasty = Umayyad

| religion = Islam

}}

Muhammad II al-Mahdi ({{langx|ar|محمد المهدي بالله|Muḥammad al-Mahdī bi-ʾllāh}}) was the fourth Caliph of Córdoba of the Umayyad dynasty in Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia). After disbanding his army of 7,000 troops, he became the source of opposition to many of his subjects. Al-Mahdi sought to defend his title as Caliph after the rise of Suleiman II as a political opponent. After a turbulent rule, in which many warring factions rose to power in an attempt to supplant al-Mahdi, he was eventually deposed. After his death, many Muslim historians accused him of destroying the sanctity of the Amirid Harem.{{cite book|author=Peter C. Scales|title=The Fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba: Berbers and Andalusis in Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-Wvg__iHPAC&pg=PP15|accessdate=19 July 2013|date=31 December 1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09868-8|pages=61–74}}