Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Zubairi
{{Short description|Yemeni poet, politician and revolutionary (1910–1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Zubairi
| image = Mahammad Mahmoud Al-Zubairi.jpg
| native_name = محمد محمود الزبيري
| other_names = Abu Al-Ahrar
| birth_date = 1910
| birth_place = Sana'a, Yemen vilayet
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1965|4|1|1910|}}
| death_place = Bart Al Anan District, Sana'a, Yemen Arab Republic
| death_cause = Assassination
| alma_mater = Cairo University
| occupation = Poet, politician, and revolutionary
| party = Free Yemeni Movement
| opponents = {{Flag|Kingdom of Yemen}}
}}
Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Zubairi ({{Langx|ar|محمد محمود الزبيري}}; 1910 – 1 April 1965) was a Yemeni poet, politician, and revolutionary{{Cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Peg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bvKCDwAAQBAJ&dq=Muhammad+Mahmoud+Al-Zubairi&pg=PA101 |title=Yemen |last2=Hestler |first2=Anna |last3=Spilling |first3=Jo-Ann |date=15 December 2018 |publisher=Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC |isbn=978-1-5026-4163-2 |language=en}} who was assassinated. He is considered to be Yemen's greatest poet in the twentieth century and one of the country's most celebrated authors.{{Cite web |date=24 March 2016 |title=الزبيري شاعر يمني في بحر السياسة |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/culture/2016/3/24/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626022946/http://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2016/3/24/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9 |archive-date=26 June 2017 |access-date=13 February 2023 |website=aljazeera}}{{Cite book |last=Jayyusi |first=Salma Khadra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLuXCwAAQBAJ&dq=Muhammad+Mahmoud+Al-Zubairi&pg=PA551 |title=Literature Of Modern Arabia |date=17 February 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-88122-0 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=الجوادي |first=د محمد |date=18 March 2020 |title=الزبيري زعيم اليمن الشهيد.. أعظم الساسة العرب ثقافة |trans-title= |url=https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/blogs/2020/3/18/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%b2%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9 |access-date=13 February 2023 |website=Aljazeera mubasher |language=ar}} He has been known as "Abu Al-Ahrar" (the father of freemen) and "the poet of Yemen".{{Cite web |last=al-Bakry |first=Mohammed |date=30 November 2017 |title=Muhammad Mahmoud al-Zubairi: The Conscience of Yemen |url=https://almadaniyamag.com/2017/11/30/2017-11-30-muhammad-mahmoud-al-zubairi-the-conscience-of-yemen/ |access-date=13 February 2023 |website=Al-Madaniya Magazine |language=en-US}}{{Cite journal |last1=Bibi |first1=Nazia |last2=Anjum |first2=Salma |date=2016 |title=Literary Work of Abu Ahrar Muhammad Mahmood Al-Zubairi |url=http://www.al-idah.pk/index.php/al-idah/article/view/109 |journal=Al-Idah |language=en |volume=33 |issue=– 2 |pages=353–364 |issn=2664-3375}}
Biography
Muhammad was born in 1910 in Sanaa in a middle-class family and grew up as an orphan. He received his basic education at Sanaa religious schools and in 1939 he moved to Cairo to continue his higher education at Cairo University. He returned to Sanaa in 1941, but was imprisoned by Imam Yahya for his criticism of the Imamate. He was released a year later and moved to Taiz and then to Aden, where he established the "Free Yemeni Party" (also translated as the "Liberal Party") in 1944.{{Cite web |last=Sultan |first=Fahd |date=25 December 2018 |title=Reading on the intellectual structure and political determinants |url=https://alislah-ye.net/news_details.php?lng=english&sid=2437 |access-date=13 February 2023 |website=alislah-ye.net}}
Following the Dustor or Constitutional Revolution in 1948, which led to the death of Imam Yahya and the short-lived establishment of a new government, Muhammad returned to Sanaa and was appointed as Minister of Knowledge. However, the revolution failed weeks later as Imam Yahya's son Ahmad restored the monarchy, and Al-Zubairi had to leave Sanaa to Aden again, and then to Pakistan. When the 26 September Revolution erupted against Imam Ahmed in 1962, he returned to Yemen and became Minister of Education. He was later appointed as Deputy Prime Minister and a member of the Revolutionary Council until he quit in 1964. On 1 April 1965 he was assassinated in Barat northern Sana'a.
Bibliography
= Non-fiction =
- The Imamate and Its Danger to the Unity of Yemen{{Cite web |title=الامامة وخطرها على وحدة اليمن : الخدعة الكبرى، قصائد من شعره في الثورة / محمد محمود الزبيري {{!}} الزبيري، محمد محمود، 1919-1965 {{!}} {{!}} المكتبة الوطنية الإسرائيلية |url=https://www.nli.org.il/ar/books/NNL_ALEPH990026474780205171/NLI |access-date=13 February 2023 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=ar}}
- The Great Trick in Arab Politics
= Famous poetry collections =
= Novels =
References
{{Reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zubairi, Muhammad Mahmoud}}
Category:20th-century Yemeni politicians
Category:20th-century Yemeni poets
Category:20th-century Yemeni educators
Category:20th-century Yemeni novelists
Category:Yemeni revolutionaries
Category:Assassinated Yemeni politicians