Muhammad ibn Umar al-Kashshi

{{Infobox person

| name = Muhammad ibn Umar al-Kashshi

| native_name = محمد بن عمر الکَشّي

| native_name_lang = ar

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| birth_place = Kesh (Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan)

| death_date = 941

{{cite book

|last = طوسی

|first = محمد بن حسن

|author-link = Shaykh Tusi

|date =

|title = اختیار معرفه الرجال، مقدمه

|url =

|location =

|publisher = دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی مشهد

|language = fa

|volume =

|page = 13

|isbn =

}}

or 951

{{cite book

|last = حسینی دشتی

|first = سید مصطفی

|author-link =

|date = 2000

|title = معارف و معاریف: دایرة المعارف جامع اسلامی

|url =

|location = تهران

|publisher = مؤسسه فرهنگی آرایه

|language = fa

|volume = 8

|page = 516

|isbn =

}}

{{cite book

|last =

|first =

|author-link =

|date =

|title = به نقل از تنقیح المقال و الاعلام

|url =

|location =

|publisher =

|language = fa

|volume =

|page =

|isbn =

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or 978{{harvnb|Takim|2012}}.

| death_place = probably in Samarkand, Uzbekistan

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| known_for = Biographical evaluation: Rijal al-Kashshi

| education =

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| occupation = Twelver Shi'ite scholar

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Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Kashshī ({{langx|ar|أبو عمرو محمد بن عمر بن عبد العزیز الکَشّي}}), died 941 or 951 or 978, known as al-Kashshi or (in Persian) as Kashshi, was a Twelver Shi'ite scholar specializing in biographical evaluation ({{transliteration|ar|ʿilm al-rijāl}}) and hadith studies. He is the author of the {{transliteration|ar|Rijāl al-Kashshī}}, a major biographical work which ranks as one of the four main sources in the Shi'ite {{transliteration|ar|rijāl}} literature.

{{cite web

|url = https://library.tebyan.net/fa/Viewer/Text/70047/1

|title = معرفی کتاب "رجال کشی" - تبیان

|trans-title =

|language = fa

|access-date = 18 May 2021

}}

{{cite web

|url = https://www.ghbook.ir/index.php?option=com_dbook&task=viewbook&book_id=12196&Itemid=167&lang=fa

|title = اختيار معرفه الرجال المعروف به رجال الكشي - کتابخانه دیجیتال قائمیه

|trans-title =

|language = fa

|access-date = 18 May 2021

}}

{{cite web

|url = http://parchamalzahra.ir/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A5%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F-%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84/

|title = کتاب إختیارُ مَعرفَه الرّجال

|trans-title =

|language = fa

|access-date = 18 May 2021

}}

{{cite web

|url = https://www.gisoom.com/book/11059570/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C/

|title = کتاب اختیار معرفه الرجال المعروف به رجال الکشی [چ1] - کتاب گیسوم

|trans-title =

|language = fa

|access-date = 18 May 2021

}}

Al-Kashshi's original work is now lost, but parts of it survive in an abridgement made by Shaykh Tusi (995–1067) called the Ikhtiyar ma'rifat al-rijal.

Life

Al-Kashshi's exact date of birth is unclear. However, he is known to have been a contemporary of Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864–941), author of the Kitab al-Kafi. Al-Kashshi and al-Kulayni shared a number of teachers such as Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Naysaburi,

{{cite web

|url = https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/980943/%d8%aa%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a2%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%ae%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%a2%db%8c%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%ae%d9%88%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c%d9%84

|title = تضارب آرای رجالی امام خمینی و آیة الله خویی درباره محمد بن اسماعیل - نورمگز

|trans-title =

|language = fa

|access-date = 22 May 2021

}}

as well as some students such as Ibn Qulawayh. This would place al-Kashshi roughly in the same time period as al-Kulayni, i.e., somewhere between the middle of the 9th century and the middle of the 10th century.

{{cite book

|last = طوسی

|first = محمد بن حسن

|author-link = Shaykh Tusi

|date = 1969

|title = اختیار معرفه الرجال، مقدمه حسن مصطفوی

|url =

|location = مشهد

|publisher = دانشگاه مشهد

|language = fa

|volume =

|page = 4

|isbn =

}}

He was born in city of Kesh or Kish (known today as Shahrisabz) in Transoxiana (today: Uzbekistan).

{{cite book

|last = دهخدا

|first = علی‌اکبر

|author-link = Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda

|date =

|title = لغت‌نامه دهخدا، ذیل واژه "کشّ"

|url =

|location =

|publisher =

|language = fa

|volume =

|page =

|isbn =

}}

Writings

Al-Kashshi's works are all lost today. However, one work known as the {{transliteration|ar|Rijāl al-Kashshī}} survives in an abridgement made by Shaykh Tusi (995–1067), called the Ikhtiyar ma'rifat al-rijal.{{cite encyclopedia|last1=al-Amīn al-ʿĀmilī|first1=Muḥsin|author1-link=Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin|year=1983–1993|title=Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Kashshī|encyclopedia=Aʿyān al-shīʿa|editor1-last=al-Amīn|editor1-first=Ḥasan|location=Beirut|publisher=Dār al-Taʿāruf|volume=10|pages=27–28}} This work deals with the biographical evaluation of hadith transmitters, the goal of which was to establish whether individual transmitters are to be regarded as trustworthy, and whether their narrations –one of the main sources of Islamic doctrine– should be accepted or rejected.

{{cite web

|url = https://www.pasokh.org/fa/Article/View/9517/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%8A

|title = شيخ محمد کشي - مرکز پاسخگویی حوزه علمیه قم

|trans-title =

|language = fa

|access-date = 22 May 2021

}}

{{cite web

|url = http://shia-ac.com/index.php/shiite-studies/personalities/146-maghale-14

|title = زندگی نامه شیخ محمد کشی - مرکز تخصصی شیعه شناسی

|trans-title =

|language = fa

|access-date = 22 May 2021

}}

The {{transliteration|ar|Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl}} ranks as one of the four most important works in the Shi'ite biographical ({{transliteration|ar|rijāl}}) literature.

{{cite web

|url = http://lib.eshia.ir/26507/4/443/1625

|title = موسوعة طبقات الفقهاء - اللجنة العلمية في مؤسسة الإمام الصادق(ع) - کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت

|trans-title =

|language = ar

|access-date = 22 May 2021

}}

{{cite web

|url = http://lib.eshia.ir/27182/1/57/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%85

|title = كليات في علم الرجال - السبحاني، الشيخ جعفر - کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت

|trans-title =

|language = ar

|access-date = 22 May 2021

}}

Muhammad ibn Umar al-Kashshi

Life

Writings

References

Further reading