Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari
{{Short description|Indian Freedom fighter and political leader (1880–1936)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari
| honorific-prefix =
| image = Drmukhtarahmedansari.png
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = President of the Indian National Congress
| term_start = 1927
| term_end = 1928
| predecessor = S. Srinivasa Iyengar
| successor = Motilal Nehru
| office1 = Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia
| term_start1 = 1928
| predecessor1 = Hakim Ajmal Khan
| successor1 = Abdul Majeed Khwaja
| office2 = President of the All-India Muslim League
| term_start2 = 1920
| term_end2 = 1921
| predecessor2 = Hakim Ajmal Khan
| successor2 = Maulana Hasrat Mohani
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1880|12|25}}
| birth_place = Mohammadabad, North-Eastern Provinces, British India
| death_date = 10 May 1936 (aged 55)
| death_place = Delhi, British India
| death_cause = Heart attack
| resting_place = Jamia Millia Islamia
| nationality = Indian
| party = Indian National Congress, All-India Muslim Leaguehttps://m.economictimes.com/news/india/maha-vir-chakra-v-p-congress-prez-a-don-mukhtar-ansaris-high-contrast-clan/articleshow/108881363.cms
| alma_mater = Madras Medical College (M.D, M.S)
University of Edinburgh (ChM)
| known_for = Founder of Jamia Millia Islamia, Indian independence movement, President of the Indian National Congress, President of the All-India Muslim League
| children = Zohra Ansari
| occupation = Physician, politician, activist
}}
Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari (25 December 1880 – 10 May 1936) was an Indian nationalist and political leader, and former president of the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League during the Indian Independence Movement. He was one of the founders of Jamia Millia Islamia University. He remained it's chancellor from 1928 to 1936.[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mukhtar-Ahmad-Ansari Profile of Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari] Encyclopaedia Britannica{{cite web|url=http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/dr_m_a_ansari.htm|title=Dr M A Ansari (1880–1936) president, Madras, 1927|publisher=Congress Sandesh, Indian National Congress publication |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020307133839/http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/dr_m_a_ansari.htm |archive-date=7 March 2002 |access-date=16 December 2016}}
Early life and medical career
Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari was born on 25 December 1880 in Yusufpur-Mohammadabad town in eastern Uttar Pradesh).
He hailed from an influential and famous family of Qazis' and Zamindars known as the Ansaris of Yusufpur.{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.135388 | title=Ghazipur a Gazetteer Vol.29 | date=24 December 2023 }} The family was descended from the Sufi saint of Herat, Abdullah Ansari,{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/ANSARISOFYUSUFPUR/mode/2up | title=Ansaris of Yusufpur | date=November 2013 }} and had migrated to India with the Mughal emperor Babur in 1526.
Educated at the Victoria School, Ansari and his family moved to Hyderabad. Ansari obtained a medical degree from the Madras Medical College and went to England on scholarship studies. He achieved the M.D. and M.S. degrees in 1905. In 1910 Ansari earned a Master of Surgery (ChM) from the University of Edinburgh for his thesis Treatment of syphilis by arylarsonates with special reference to recent research.{{Cite book|hdl=1842/19716|author=Ansari, M.A.|date=1910|title=Treatment of syphilis by arylarsonates with special reference to recent research|publisher=PhD thesis, Edinburgh Medical School}} He was a top-class student and worked at the London Lock Hospital and the Charing Cross Hospital in London. He was an Indian pioneer in surgery, and today there is an Ansari Ward in the Charing Cross Hospital, London, in honour of his work.
From 1921 to 1935, Ansari visited Vienna, Paris, Lucerne and London to meet with famed urologists, including Robert Lichtenstern, Eugen Steinach and Serge Voronoff, some of the pioneers of grafting animal testicles onto humans. In the last decade of his life, Ansari performed over 700 such grafting operations, meticulously recording 440 of them. From these experiments he published his book Regeneration of Man, which he shared with his close friend Mahatma Gandhi.[https://scroll.in/article/836753/meet-the-freedom-fighter-who-grafted-animal-testicles-onto-humans-as-part-of-nation-building Dr Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari was a freedom fighter who also grafted animal testicles onto humans]. Scroll.in (10 May 2017). Retrieved on 12 December 2018.
Nationalist activities
In 1898, being a student in Madras, Ansari attended his first All India Congress Session, which was presided over by Ananda Mohan Bose. In 1927, when the Sessions were held again in Madras, Ansari presided over the session.[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/The-Ansari-connection/article15373664.ece The Ansari connection]. The Hindu. Updated 10 October 2016
Dr. Ansari became involved in the Indian Independence Movement during his stay in England. He moved back to Delhi and joined both the Indian Congress and the Muslim League. He played an important role in the negotiation of the 1916 Lucknow Pact and served as the Muslim League's president in 1918 and 1920.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mukhtar-Ahmad-Ansari|title=Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari | Indian physician and nationalist|date=21 December 2023 }} He was an outspoken supporter of the Khilafat movement, and led the Indian medical mission to treat the wounded Turkish soldiers during the Balkan Wars.(Syed Tanvir Wasti, The Indian Red Crescent Mission to the Balkan Wars, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 45, No. 3, 393–406, May 2009) In March 1920, he led a Khilafat Delegation that was sent to England. This delegation made speeches, met with cabinet ministers and the prime minister Lloyd George.{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramchandra |title=Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World |publisher=Penguin Allen Lane |year=2018 |isbn=978-0670083886 |pages=112}}
Ansari served several terms as the general secretary of All India Congress Committee (AICC) and the President of the Indian National Congress during its 1927 session. As a result of in-fighting and political divisions within the League in the 1920s, and later the rise of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Muslim separatism, Ansari drew closer to Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Party. When he became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1927 on the invitation of Mahatma Gandhi, he spent all of his wealth for the Indian National Congress activities, which left him almost bankrupt. He spent his later life in writing and developing the Jamia Milia Islamia.{{Cite web|last=Ahamed|first=Syed Naseer|date=2017-12-03|title=Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari : Great Freedom Fighter of India & "Symbol of Hindu-Muslim Unity"|url=https://www.heritagetimes.in/mukhtar-ansari/|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Heritage Times|language=en-US}}
Ansari was one of the founders of Jamia Millia Islamia university and also served as the chancellor of the Jamia Millia Islamia university in Delhi, soon after the death of its primary founder, Hakim Ajmal Khan in 1927.[http://www.jmi.ac.in/aboutjamia/profile/history/historical_note-13 History and profile of Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi (vice-chancellor Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari in 1927)], jmi.ac.in. Retrieved 24 August 2017
Personal life
Ansari lived in a palatial house, called the Darus Salaam or Abode of peace. Mahatma Gandhi was a frequent guest when he visited Delhi, and the house was a regular base for Congress political activities.
Ansari died in 1936 en route from Mussoorie to Delhi on a train due to a heart attack. He is buried within the premises of Jamia Millia Islamia, a university in New Delhi.
=Progeny=
Many members of Ansari's family remained in India after partition in 1947, while others moved to Pakistan. Those who remained in India received patronage from the Nehru-Gandhi family and became prominent politicians and leading lights of the Congress party. They demonstrated pugnacious street fighter characteristics and flourished in the politics of Uttar Pradesh.
Ansari's immediate progeny and family members include:
- Daughter: Zohra Ansari, Freedom fighter
- Qazi Faridul Haq Ansari MP Rajya Sabha.
- Shaukatullah Shah Ansari Former MP And Governor of Odisa.
- Abdul Aziz Ansari Freedom Fighter and Founder of Ansari Memorial Society.
- Grandson: Afzal Ansari, a former MLA and MP
- Grandson: Mukhtar Ansari, Gangster turned Politician from Uttar Pradesh
Ansari's other relatives include:
- Mohammad Hamid Ansari, former Vice President of India, who is Ansari's grand-nephew.
Honours
Ansari Road in Daryaganj, old Delhi is named after him.
Ansari Nagar near AIIMS, New Delhi has also been named after him. The auditorium and the hospital of Jamia Millia Islamia has named after him as well.
References
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{{Indian National Congress Presidents}}
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Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh
Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress
Category:20th-century Indian Muslims
Category:All-India Muslim League politicians
Category:Madras Medical College alumni
Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges
Category:Indian independence movement in Uttar Pradesh
Category:Indian revolutionaries
Category:19th-century Indian philanthropists