Multuggerah

{{Short description| Aboriginal Australian resistance fighter and leader of Jagera people in Queensland in the 1840s}}

Multuggerah was an Aboriginal Australian leader and resistance fighter of the Ugarapul{{cite web

| url =http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/people/indigenous/display/113363-multuggerah

| title =Multuggerah

| website =Monument Australia

| access-date =6 December 2019

| quote = Between 1841 and 1848, the Ugarapul headman ‘Old Moppy,’ his son Multuggerah and other headmen led many raids and sieges. Their allies – the ‘Mountain tribes’ – conducted similar resistance on the Darling Downs plateau and as far as Cunningham's Gap.}} nation from the Lockyer Valley in Queensland. He was an important warrior and negotiator, bringing numerous Aboriginal clans together in an armed resistance against the 99th (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot, squatters and the squatters' servants and other workers in the 1840s.

Multuggerah was the son of Old Moppy a warrior and leader who had led earlier raids against the early settlers in the Moreton Bay and Brisbane regions.

Resistance

From 1841 over the course of decades, 1200 Aboriginal warriors in the Colony of New South Wales in the Lockyer Valley area (which became part of the Colony of Queensland from 1859), were opposed by, amongst others, the 99th (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot. Intermittent conflict continued on into the 1850s and 1860s. The line of settlement was held back by 15 years of armed conflict.{{cite web

| url =https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/multuggerahs-military-genius-revealed-new-book/3831569/

| title = Multuggerah's military genius revealed in new book

| last =Nolan

| first =Michael

| date =15 September 2019

| website =The Chronicle

| publisher =Toowoomba Newspapers Pty Ltd

| access-date =6 December 2019

| quote = Such was the ferocity of the resistance that the British were forced to re-direct soldiers from the Maori wars in New Zealand, sending them to the Lockyer Valley. Part of Multuggerah's success lay in his ability to mobilise warriors from across language groups and his knowledge of the terrain. At one point his warriors feigned a retreat and led the soldiers and settles on a frantic chase through the forest. Without knowing, the whites walked into a trap and were pelted by stones and boulders from Multuggerah's men, positioned on the high country above them.}} Multeggerah's tactics included road blocks made from felled trees, and setting an ambush site on a steep hill and in amongst bogs and heavy scrub.{{cite web

| url =https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/sep/15/battle-of-one-tree-hill-cutting-through-silence-to-remember-a-warrior-who-routed-the-whites

| title =Battle of One Tree Hill: remembering an Indigenous victory and a warrior who routed the whites

| last =Marr

| first =David

| date =15 September 2019

| website =The Guardian Australia

| access-date =6 December 2019

| quote =The nub of a long story is this: trouble began the moment whites moved down into the Lockyer Valley. But the 1842 poisoning of 50 or 60 people on Kilcoy Station provoked an uprising across this stretch of Queensland. One of its leaders was Multugerrah, a diplomat, strategist and warrior who gathered nearly all the mountain clans to deal with the invasion of their land. }}

Multeggerah was said by some to have lived to old age; but possibly died in 1846 as part of the continuing conflict.

=Battle of One Tree Hill=

The mass poisoning at Kilcoy Station instigated a strengthening of resistance activity. Multeggerah organised ambushes of the supply drays on their way up the escarpment from the coast; "He had sent word to the Europeans, warning them not to come through."{{cite web

| url =https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/aboriginal-warrior-battled-elite-british-soldiers/3020583/

| title =Revealed: Who is Aboriginal warrior Multuggerah

| last =Backhouse

| first =Andrew

| date =9 May 2016

| website =The Chronicle

| publisher =Toowoomba Newspapers Pty Ltd

| access-date =6 December 2019

| quote =About 1200 warriors waged war against a crack unit of British soldiers, the 99th regiment, who had been brought to the area specifically to battle the Aborigines. }}

In September 1843 an armed convoy of three drays with a crew of 18 was stopped and turned back. A counter attack against the Aboriginal battle group by more than 30 squatters and their servants was also turned back from the high ground by the use of spears and thrown rocks.

Legacy

The {{convert|800|m|adj=on}} viaduct on the Warrego Highway section of the Toowoomba Bypass was named in honour of Multuggerah.{{cite web

| url =https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/local-identities-honoured-part-toowoomba-bypass-na/3826912/

| title =Local identities honoured as part of Toowoomba Bypass name

| last =Loftus

| first =Tobi

| date =9 September 2019

| website =The Toowoomba Chronicle

| access-date =14 May 2020 }} He is known to have had at least two children, a son and a daughter known as Queen Kitty.{{cite web | title=Multuggerah – Harry Gentle Resource Centre | website=Harry Gentle Resource Centre – Dedicated To The Study Of The Peoples And Lands Of Australia, Initially Focusing On The Area That Became Queensland In 1859. | date=1910-09-24 | url=https://harrygentle.griffith.edu.au/life-stories/multuggerah/ | access-date=2024-07-09}}

Multuggerah

Resistance

=Battle of One Tree Hill=

Legacy

See also

References

Further reading