Mumeng language
{{Short description|Language}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Mumeng
|states=Papua New Guinea
|region=Morobe Province
|speakers=7,100 Kumalu, Zenag, Gorakor
|date=1979
|ref=e18
|speakers2=1,700 Patep (2003), 350 Dambi (2000)
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian
|fam3=Oceanic
|fam4=Western Oceanic
|fam5=North New Guinea ?
|fam6=Ngero–Vitiaz ?
|fam7=Huon Gulf
|fam8=South Huon Gulf
|fam9=Hote–Buang
|fam10=Buang
|map2=Lang Status 60-DE.svg
|mapcaption2={{center|{{small|Mumeng is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}
|lc1=dac
|ld1=Dambi
|lc2=ksl
|ld2=Kumalu
|lc3=ptp
|ld3=Patep (Ptep, Dengalu)
|lc4=zeg
|ld4=Zenag (Zenang)
|lc5=goc
|ld5=Gorakor
|glotto=mume1239
|glottorefname=Mumeng
|ELP=2145
|ELPname=Dengalu
}}
Mumeng is a dialect chain of the Austronesian family in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Dambi–Kumalu and Patep–Zenag–Gorakor have a degree of mutual intelligibility. Kapin may belong as well.
Phonology
The following is of the Patep dialect:{{Cite book |last=Lauck |first=Linda M. |title=A tentative phonemic statement of Patep |last2=Adams |first2=Karen L. |publisher=Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics |year=1975 |location=In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of five Austronesian languages |pages=71–128}}
= Consonants =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" |Bilabial ! colspan="2" |Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! colspan="2" |Back-velar ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |
| plain
!pal. !lab. !plain !pal. !plain !lab. |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |Plosive
|p |pʲ |pʷ |t |tʲ | |k̠ |k̠ʷ | |
| prenasal
|ᵐb |ᵐbʲ |ᵐbʷ |ⁿd |ⁿdʲ | |ᵑɡ̠ |ᵑɡ̠ʷ | |
| colspan="2" |Affricate
| | | |ⁿdz | | | | | |
| rowspan="2" |Fricative
| | | |s | | | | |h |
| voiced/pren.
|β |βʲ | |(ⁿz) | | |ɣ̠ | | |
| colspan="2" |Nasal
|m |mʲ |mʷ |n |nʲ | |ŋ̠ |ŋ̠ʷ | |
| colspan="2" |Lateral
| | | |l | | | | | |
| colspan="2" |Approximant
|β̞ | | | | |j | | | |
- The prenasal affricate /ⁿdz/ may also fluctuate to a prenasal fricative [ⁿz] in free variation among speech.
- /ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ̠/ are heard as prenasal voiceless stops [ᵐp, ⁿt, ᵑk̠] when in word-final positions.
- /k̠/ is mostly heard as a glottal stop [ʔ] in word-final positions.
- /l/ may be heard as fricativized [l̝] or more fronted as [l̟] in word-final position.
= Vowels =
References
{{Reflist}}
{{North New Guinea languages}}
{{Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages}}
{{Languages of Papua New Guinea}}
Category:Definitely endangered languages
Category:South Huon Gulf languages
Category:Languages of Morobe Province
{{NNGuinea-lang-stub}}