Musgu language

{{Short description|Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon and Chad}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Musgu

|nativename=Mulwi

|states=Cameroon, Chad

|region=

|ethnicity=Musgum

|speakers={{sigfig|164,400|2}}

|date=1993–2005

|ref=e25

|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic

|fam2=Chadic

|fam3=Biu–Mandara

|fam4=East–Central

|fam5=Munjuk (B.2)

|iso3=mug

|glotto=musg1254

|glottorefname=Musgu

|dia1=Mpus

|dia2=Beege (Jafga)

|dia3=Vulum (Mulwi)

|dia4=Ngilemong

|dia5=Luggoy

|dia6=Maniling

|dia7=Muzuk

|script=Latin

}}

Musgu is a cluster of closely related language varieties of the Biu–Mandara subgroup of the Chadic languages spoken in Cameroon and Chad. The endonym is Mulwi. Blench (2006) classifies the three varieties as separate languages.Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] (ms) Speakers of the extinct related language Muskum have switched to one of these.{{Which|date=March 2012}}

Names

Muzuk is another name for the language. Another term, Mousgoum, is not used by the speakers themselves.{{cite book|editor-last=Binam Bikoi|editor-first=Charles|date=2012|title=Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM)|trans-title=Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon|volume=1: Inventaire des langues|language=fr|location=Yaoundé|publisher=CERDOTOLA|series=Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC)|isbn=9789956796069}}

Munjuk languages

Munjuk languages:

Munjuk
Muzuk
Beege
Mpus
Vulum

Munjuk, from manjakay (H. Tourneux), refers to the a group of four related languages, not only Muzuk. Munjuk languages are spoken in northern Mayo-Danay Department (arrondissements of Maga, Yele, and Kai-Kai in the Far North Region).

Beege and Mpus are found in the flood plains of the Logone River, in (Logone-et-Chari department, Zina district); Diamaré department (Bogo district). Beege is found in the south (Djafga and Begué) and Mpus in the north (in Pouss). Vulum is found mainly in Chad.

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" \| ! rowspan="2" \|Labial ! colspan="2" \|Alveolar ! rowspan="2" \|Palatal ! rowspan="2" \|Velar ! rowspan="2" \|Glottal
{{small\|plain}} !{{small\|lateral}}
colspan="2" \|Nasal \|{{IPAlink\|m}} \|{{IPAlink\|n}} \| \|{{IPAlink\|ɲ}} \|{{IPAlink\|ŋ}} \|
rowspan="4" \|Stop/ Affricate !voiceless \|{{IPAlink\|p}} \|{{IPAlink\|t}} \| \|{{IPAlink\|tʃ}} \|{{IPAlink\|k}} \|
voiced \|{{IPAlink\|b}} \|{{IPAlink\|d}} \| \|{{IPAlink\|dʒ}} \|{{IPAlink\|ɡ}} \|
prenasal \|{{IPAlink\|ᵐb}} \|{{IPAlink\|ⁿd}} \| \|{{IPAlink\|ⁿdʒ}} \|{{IPAlink\|ᵑɡ}} \|
implosive \|{{IPAlink\|ɓ}} \|{{IPAlink\|ɗ}} \| \| \| \|
rowspan="2" \|Fricative !voiceless \|{{IPAlink\|f}} \|{{IPAlink\|s}} \|{{IPAlink\|ɬ}} \| \|({{IPAlink\|x}}) \|{{IPAlink\|h}}
voiced \|{{IPAlink\|v}} \|{{IPAlink\|z}} \|{{IPAlink\|ɮ}} \| \| \|
colspan="2" \|Approximant \|{{IPAlink\|w}} \| \|{{IPAlink\|l}} \|{{IPAlink\|j}} \| \|
colspan="2" \|Trill \| \|{{IPAlink\|r}} \| \| \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" |Labial

! colspan="2" |Alveolar

! rowspan="2" |Palatal

! rowspan="2" |Velar

! rowspan="2" |Glottal

!{{small|lateral}}

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPAlink|m}}

|{{IPAlink|n}}

|{{IPAlink|ɲ}}

|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

rowspan="4" |Stop/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPAlink|p}}

|{{IPAlink|t}}

|{{IPAlink|tʃ}}

|{{IPAlink|k}}

voiced

|{{IPAlink|b}}

|{{IPAlink|d}}

|{{IPAlink|dʒ}}

|{{IPAlink|ɡ}}

prenasal

|{{IPAlink|ᵐb}}

|{{IPAlink|ⁿd}}

|{{IPAlink|ⁿdʒ}}

|{{IPAlink|ᵑɡ}}

implosive

|{{IPAlink|ɓ}}

|{{IPAlink|ɗ}}

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|{{IPAlink|f}}

|{{IPAlink|s}}

|{{IPAlink|ɬ}}

|({{IPAlink|x}})

|{{IPAlink|h}}

voiced

|{{IPAlink|v}}

|{{IPAlink|z}}

|{{IPAlink|ɮ}}

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPAlink|w}}

|{{IPAlink|l}}

|{{IPAlink|j}}

colspan="2" |Trill

|{{IPAlink|r}}

Sounds /tʃ, dʒ/ and prenasal sounds /ᵐb, ⁿd, ⁿdʒ, ᵑɡ/, may occur across different dialects.{{Cite book |last=Tourneux |first=Henry |title=Le Munjuk |year=2011 |location=Les langues d’Afrique et de l’Asie du Sud-Ouest |pages=258-266}}
/h/ can be heard as either glottal [h] or velar [x] among dialects.

Sounds /b, k, ɡ/ occur as labialized [bʷ, kʷ, ɡʷ] when preceding a glide /w/.
A glottal stop [ʔ] may also occur in different positions, but its phonemic status is unclear.{{Cite book |last=Meyer-Bahlburg |first=Hilke |title=Studien zur Morphologie und Syntax des Musgu |publisher=Hamburg: Helmut Buske |year=1972}}

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! !Front !Central !Back
align="center" !Close \|{{IPAlink\|i}} \| \|{{IPAlink\|u}}
Mid \|{{IPAlink\|e}} \|{{IPAlink\|ə}} \|{{IPAlink\|o}}
align="center" !Open \| \|{{IPAlink\|a}} \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

align="center"

|{{IPAlink|i}}

|{{IPAlink|u}}

Mid

|{{IPAlink|e}}

|{{IPAlink|ə}}

|{{IPAlink|o}}