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Mush dialect

{{short description|Dialect of Armenian}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Mush

| nativename = Մշոյ բարբառ

| states = Georgia, Armenia

| ethnicity = Armenians

| speakers = 3,000

| date = no date

| ref = {{cn|date=March 2018}}

| familycolor = Indo-European

| fam2 = Armenian

| fam3 = Western

| script = Armenian alphabet

| iso3 = none

| iso3comment = (included in {{ISO 639|hyw|link=yes}} [hyw])

| glotto = muss1244

| glottorefname = Mush

| map = Mush dialect Adjarian.jpg

| mapcaption = The area where the Mush dialect was spoken before the Armenian genocide (according to Hrachia Adjarian's 1909 book Classification des dialectes arméniens){{sfn|Adjarian|1909|pp=44-45}}

}}

The Mush dialect ({{langx|hy|Մշոյ բարբառ, Mšo barbař}}) is a Western Armenian dialect formerly spoken in the city of Mush (Muş) and the historic region of Taron, in present-day eastern Turkey. As a result of the extermination of the native Armenian population during the genocide of 1915, the dialect is almost completely extinct today with only several thousand native speakers in a number of villages in Armenia and three Armenian-populated villages in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia.

Area spoken

According to Hrachia Adjarian in the early 20th century, the Mush dialect was spoken in the cities of Bitlis, Xizan (Hizan), Khlat (Xlat), Arjesh, Bulanikh, Manazkert, Khnus (Xnus), and Alashkert. The dialect was spread to the west of Lake Van.{{sfn|Adjarian|1909|p=48}}

During the Russo-Turkish War of (1877–78), Armenians from Mush and Alashkert established villages in the Erivan Governorate: in Aparan and south of Novo-Bayazit (present-day Gavar). According to Adjarian there were 21 Armenian villages in the Erivan Governorate where the Mush dialect was spoken. Another group of Armenians from Khnus settled near Akhalkalaki, particularly in three villages: Heshtia, Toria and Ujmana.{{sfn|Adjarian|1909|p=48}}{{cite web|last=Simavoryan|first=Arestakes|title=Ախալքալաքի և Նինոծմինդայի հայ կաթոլիկ համայնքների խնդիրները [Problems of the Catholic Armenian communities in Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda districts]|url=http://www.noravank.am/arm/issues/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=2333|publisher=Noravank Foundation|language=hy|date=21 May 2009|quote=Միավորող է նաև լեզվի գործոնը՝ Մշո բարբառը...}}

According to a 1955 article the Mush dialect was spoken in villages located in the following districts (raion) of Soviet Armenia: Talin, Aparan, Artik, Aghin, Ejmiatsin, and Martuni.{{sfn|Baghdasarian|1955|p=69}}

One notable village in Armenia where the dialect is still spoken is Kamo in the northwestern Shirak Province.{{cite web|title=Կամո [Kamo]|url=http://shirak.mtaes.am/about-communities/626/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151025204610/http://shirak.mtaes.am/about-communities/626/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-10-25|website=shirak.mtaes.am|publisher=Ministry of Territorial Administration and Emergency Situations of Republic of Armenia|language=hy|quote=Բնակչությունը հիմնականում հայեր են և խոսում են մշո բարբառով:}}{{cite news|title="Թող ընպես ընեն, որ էս երկրում գյուղացին կրնանա շունչ քաշե, ես էլի կդառնամ հող կմշակեմ",-ասում է Կամո գյուղի բնակիչ Զարզանդ Գորգորյանը|url=http://hetq.am/arm/print/738/|work=Hetq Online|date=28 April 2011|language=hy|quote=Բնակչության շրջանում գերիշխում է Մշո բարբառը:|access-date=8 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710162009/http://hetq.am/arm/print/738|archive-date=10 July 2015|url-status=dead}}

Notable speakers

  • Gegham Ter-Karapetian (Msho Gegham) (1856–1918), writer, poet{{cite book|last=Hacikyan|first=Agop Jack|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214|page=566}}
  • Arabo (1863–1893), fedayi
  • Aghbiur Serob (1864–1899), fedayi
  • Hrayr Dzhoghk (1864–1904), fedayi
  • Kevork Chavush (1870–1907), fedayi
  • Makhluto (1872–1956), fedayi
  • Armenak Shahmuradyan (1878–1939), singer
  • William Saroyan (1908–1981), US-born writer[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ksz7VLbsx7g YouTube video] of William Saroyan's visit to Soviet Armenia in the 1970s. He clearly speaks the Mush dialect.
  • Khachik Dashtents (1910–1981), writer

Songs in Mush dialect

References

;Notes

{{reflist|3}}

;Bibliography

  • {{cite journal|last=Baghdasarian|first=S.|title=Դիտողություններ Մշո բարբառի մասին|journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences|year=1955|pages=67–82|publisher=Armenian National Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|url=http://basss.asj-oa.am/1124/|language=hy}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Antosian|first=S.|title=Ուսումնասիրություն Մշո բարբառի մասին|journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences|year=1958|issue=11|pages=99–102|url=http://basss.asj-oa.am/1668/|access-date=28 March 2013|publisher=Armenian National Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=hy}}

;Further reading

  • {{cite book|last=Patkanov|first=Kerovbe|title=Mushkii dialekt [Dialect of Mush]|year=1875|publisher=Russian Academy of Sciences|location=St. Petersburg|authorlink=Kerovbe Patkanian|language=ru}} — includes folklore genres in Mush dialect
  • {{cite book|last=Mseriants|first=Levon|title=Этюды по армянской диалектологии|year=1897|location=Moscow|authorlink=:ru:Мсерианц, Левон Зармайрович|language=ru}}
  • {{cite book|last=Adjarian|first=Hrachia|authorlink=Hrachia Adjarian|title=Classification des dialectes arméniens|year=1909|publisher=Librairie Honore Champion|location=Paris|language=fr}}
  • {{cite book|last=Baghdasarian-Tapaltsian|first=S. H.|title=Msho barbare [The Dialect of Mush]|year=1958|publisher=Armenian National Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=hy}} — a wide study on the dialect, includes 15 stories, 710 proverbs, sayings, blessings

{{Armenian language|state=expanded}}

Category:Armenian dialects

Category:Muş