Mutsun language

Maria Ascención Solórsano de Garcia y de Cervantes, the last known fluent speaker of Mutsun, amassed large amounts of language and cultural data specific to the Mutsun.{{sfn|Warner|Luna|Butler|2007}} The Spanish Franciscan missionary and linguist Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta wrote extensively about the language's grammar, and linguist John Peabody Harrington made very extensive notes on the language from Solórsano. Harrington's field notes formed the basis of the grammar of Mutsun written by Marc Okrand as a University of California dissertation in 1977{{sfn|Okrand|1977}} which to this day remains the only grammar{{citation needed|reason=for "the only grammar" as there is this grammar of the Mutsun language: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11081 |date=January 2017}} ever written of any Costanoan language. Scholars from the U.S., Germany, and the Netherlands have discussed methods that could facilitate the revitalization of Mutsun.{{sfn|Warner|Luna|Butler|van Volkinburg|2009}}

Vowel and consonant phonemes are represented here with the descriptions and orthography of the English-Mutsun dictionary,{{sfn|Warner|Butler|Geary|2016}} with additions from an earlier paper by Warner, Butler, and Luna-Costillas.{{sfn|Warner|Butler|Luna-Costillas|2006|p=282}}

• {{IPA|/ɛ/}} is open-mid, whereas {{IPA|/o/}} is close-mid.{{sfn|Okrand|1977|p=23}}
• Vowels and consonants are doubled to indicate longer pronunciation (ex: IPA for {{lang|css-US|toolos}} 'knee' is {{IPA|[toːlos]}})

Unlike many Latin-script alphabets, Mutsun uses capital letters as separate sounds.{{sfn|Warner|Butler|Geary|2016|p=i}} The following alphabet is based on the alphabetization of the Mutsun-English dictionary and includes an example word.{{sfn|Warner|Butler|Geary|2016|loc=contents}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite thesis |last=Okrand |first=Marc |year=1977 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p59z6kq |title=Mutsun Grammar |type=Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=University of California |location=Berkeley}}
• {{cite journal |last=Warner |first=N. |year=2006 |title=Making a Dictionary for Community Use in Language Revitalization: The Case of Mutsun |journal=International Journal of Lexicography |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=257–285 |doi=10.1093/ijl/ecl014}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Warner |first1=Natasha |last2=Luna |first2=Quirina |last3=Butler |first3=Lynnika |year=2007 |title=Ethics and revitalization of Dormant languages: The Mutsun language |journal=Language Documentation & Conservation |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=58–76 |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/529efd21-c8cf-4df0-9bf6-9bfd6685f67e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107044603/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/529efd21-c8cf-4df0-9bf6-9bfd6685f67e |archive-date=2024-01-07}}
• {{cite book |last1=Warner |first1=Natasha |last2=Butler |first2=Lynnika |last3=Geary |first3=Quirina |isbn=978-0-9856211-8-6 |title=mutsun-inkiS inkiS-mutsun riica pappel |trans-title=Mutsun-English English-Mutsun Dictionary |hdl=10125/24679 |date=2016-02-20 |publisher= University of Hawai'i Press}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Warner |first1=Natasha |last2=Butler |first2=Lynnika |last3=Luna-Costillas |first3=Quirina |title=Making a Dictionary for Community Use in Language Revitalization: The Case of Mutsun |journal=International Journal of Lexicography |volume=19 |issue=3 |date=September 2006 |pages=257–285|doi=10.1093/ijl/ecl014}}
• {{cite journal |title=Revitalization in a scattered language community: problems and methods from the perspective of Mutsun language revitalization |first1=Natasha |last1=Warner |first2=Quirina |last2=Luna |first3=Lynnika |last3=Butler |first4=Heather |last4=van Volkinburg |journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language |issue=198 |pages=135–148 |issn=0165-2516 |doi=10.1515/IJSL.2009.031 |date=July 2009|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0012-CC69-A |hdl-access=free }}

• {{cite book |last1=Arroyo de la Cuesta |first1=Felipe |title=A vocabulary or phrase book of the Mutsun language of Alta California |url=https://archive.org/details/vocabularyorphra00arro |access-date=25 August 2012 |year=1862 |publisher=Cramoisy Press |location=New York}}
• {{cite book|last1=Arroyo de la Cuesta|first1=Felipe|title=Extracto de la gramática Mutsun, ó de la lengua de los naturales de la mision de San Juan Bautista|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z99EAAAAcAAJ|access-date=25 August 2012|year=1861|publisher=Trübner}}
• {{cite encyclopedia |last=Ortiz |first=Beverly R. |year=1994 |title=Chocheño and Rumsen Narratives: A Comparison |encyclopedia=The Ohlone: Past and Present |pages=99–164 |isbn=9780879191290}}
• {{cite book|last1=Sitjar|first1=Bonaventura|title=Vocabulary of the language of San Antonio mission, California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eN9EAAAAcAAJ|access-date=25 August 2012|year=1861|publisher=Trübner}}
• {{cite book |last=Teixeira |first=Lauren S. |year=1997 |title=The Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area—A Research Guide |location=Menlo Park, CA |publisher=Ballena Press |isbn=9780879191405}}

• [https://www.tamien.org/language-preservation]
• [http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/projects/mutsun/ Mutsun Language Talking phrasebook] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140221025052/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/projects/mutsun/mutsun.html archived]
• [http://www.icimedia.com/costanoan/index.html Amah-Mutsun Tribe Website]
• [http://www.indiancanyonlife.org/ Indian Canyon - recognized "Indian Country" in Hollister]
• [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/languages/mutsun.php Mutsun language] overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages

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{{Ohlone}}

{{Languages of California}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mutsun Language}}

Category:Ohlone languages

Category:Extinct languages of North America

Category:History of San Benito County, California