Mykola Pymonenko

Mykola Kornylovych Pymonenko was born 9 March 1862 in the village of {{ill|Priorka|uk|Пріорка}} on the outskirts of Kyiv. His father was a master iconographer,{{sfn|Popova|2003}} of Ukrainian descent. After working as his father's assistant, Pymonenko went on to study icon painting at the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.

In 1876, Pymonenko's work was seen by Mykola Murashko, one of the founders of the Kyiv Art School, who was impressed by the young artist, and lobbied the school's financial backers to allow him to study there for free. Two years later, Pymonenko enrolled at the school,{{sfn|Popova|2003}} where he worked with the painters Khariton Platonov, Murashko, and others. He studied there until 1882.{{sfn|Popova|2003}} After his examination work was sent to the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in Saint Petersburg in 1881, he received a licence to teach drawing at lower secondary school level, and was able to audit classes at the Academy. He married the daughter of Vladimir Orlovsky, one of his instructors.{{Cite web |last=Черкаська |first=Ганна |date=2018-04-21 |title=Микола Пимоненко. Щасливий шлюб |url=https://uahistory.com/topics/famous_people/10588 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=UAHistory |language=uk}}

From 1882 to 1884 Pymonenko studied at the St Petersburg Academy of Arts.{{sfn|Popova|2003}} That year, both his poor health (possibly caused by tuberculosis) and a lack of funds caused him to return to Kyiv, where he found work as a drawing teacher at a private school.[http://www.artsait.ru/art/p/pimonenko/main.htm Brief biography] @ Russian paintings. After the school closed in 1901, he moved to the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Alexander II. From 1906 he taught at the Kyiv Art School, Kazimir Malevich being one of his most notable students.{{Cite web |title=Today is Kazimir Malevich's 144th anniversary - Ukrainian World Congress |url=https://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/today-is-kazimir-malevichs-144th-anniversary/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=www.ukrainianworldcongress.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2023-02-23 |title=10 цікавих фактів про художника Казимира Малевича |url=https://vogue.ua/article/culture/art/10-cikavih-faktiv-pro-hudozhnika-kazimira-malevicha-51428.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=vogue.ua |language=uk}}

File:Гопак4.jpg

In 1897, Pymonenko was involved in decorating Kyiv's St Volodymyr's Cathedral and was awarded the Order of Saint Anne for his work there. From 1893 he was a member of the Peredvizhniki,{{sfn|Popova|2003}} and in 1899 he became a full member of the group, and was named an 'academician' in 1904.{{sfn|Konovalov|2008|p=386}} He won a gold medal at the Salon in 1909 for his exhibited painting Hopak, now in the Louvre.{{sfn|Konovalov|2008|p=386}} In addition to the Louvre, Pymonenko's work was also of interest in Germany. In 1904, one of the Munich museums acquired the painting "Maundy Thursday". The National Art Museum has an author's copy of the smaller painting from the late 1900s.

Pymonenko died in 1912 after a short illness. He was buried at the Lukyanivka Cemetery. His 1913 posthumous exhibition at the Academy of Arts featured 184 paintings, 419 sketches and 112 pencil drawings. A street was named after him in 1959, and, in 1997 a museum devoted to him was opened in {{ill|Malyutyanka|uk|Малютянка}}, a village he visited regularly each year. Several of his works have alternate versions, painted years apart.{{Cite web |title=Музеї «Музей М.Пимоненка» - інформація, події, карта, відгуки |url=https://kyivregiontours.gov.ua/places/muzej-mpimonenka |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=kyivregiontours.gov.ua |language=uk}}{{Cite web |title="Ранок Христового Воскресіння" Миколи Пимоненка |url=https://localhistory.org.ua/rubrics/painting/mikola-pimonenko-ranok-khristovogo-voskresinnia/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=localhistory.org.ua |language=uk}}

Pymonenko fell out of favour with the Peredvizhniki when one of his paintings, Going Home, was used (apparently without his permission) by the Shustov Vodka Company to promote their {{lang|uk|spotykach}} (a type of horilka). He was accused of having become "corrupted" and was forced to sue the company to have the image removed.{{Cite web |date=2021-07-17 |title=Як український художник відсудив вкрадену картину – «ПОРОХІВНИЦЯ» |url=https://porokhivnytsya.com.ua/2021/07/17/pymonenko_vs_shustov/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=porokhivnytsya.com.ua |language=uk}}

In 1905, Pymonenko complained to his friend Lazarevsky: "They (Ukrainians) say that I am a renegade, that I do not love my homeland, that I do not give what is needed that my plots are pale, but that all this is not true, not true." Mykola Golubed waved: “It is clear from those words that Pymonenko was wronged as a citizen, but he was praised as an artist by the critics. Pymonenko was a true link between the painting of Shevchenko and Trutovsky."{{sfn|Onatsky|1963|p=1366}}

File:Mykola Pymonenko-Svaty.jpg|Matchmakers (1882), {{Ill|Kovalenko Krasnodar Regional Art Museum|uk|Краснодарський крайовий художній музей імені Ф. Я. Коваленка}}

File:Пимоненко Страстный-четверг.jpg|Maundy Thursday (1887), National Art Museum of Ukraine

File:Mykola Pymonenko-Vorozhinnia.jpg|Yuletide Fortune Tellers (1888), Russian Museum

File: Пимоненко Жница 1889.jpg|The Reaper (1889), National Art Museum of Ukraine

File:PimonenkoNK PashalZautrRYB.jpg|Easter Matins (1891), {{Ill|Rybinsk Museum-Preserve|ru|Рыбинский музей-заповедник}}

File:Pimonenko. Victime of fanatisme.jpg|A victim of fanaticism ({{circa|1899}}), Fine Arts Museum Kharkiv

File:Mikołaj K. Pimonienko - Study of a young boy in a straw hat - M.Ob.908 - National Museum in Warsaw.jpg|Study of a young boy in a straw hat (1905{{ndash}}1906), National Museum in Warsaw

File:Pimonenko 007.jpg|Flower Girl (1908), National Art Museum of Ukraine

File:Pimonenko 005.jpg|A Conversation (before 1912), {{Ill|The Kostroma State Historical, Architectural & Arts Museum Reserve|ru|Костромской государственный историко-архитектурный и художественный музей-заповедник}}

{{reflist|group=note}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Konovalov |first1=Ėduard |title=Новый полный биографический словарь русских художников |date=2008 |publisher=ĖKSMO |location=Moscow |isbn=978-5-699-20636-0 |page=|trans-title=The New Complete Biographical Dictionary of Russian Artists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ7LAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT385}}
• {{cite encyclopedia |last=Onatsky |first=E. |author-link= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |encyclopedia={{Ill|Ukrainian Small Encyclopedia|uk|Українська мала енциклопедія}} |title=Микола Пимоненко |trans-title=Mykola Pymonenko |url=http://encyclopedia.kiev.ua/vydaniya/files/use/second_book/part6.pdf |language=uk |edition= |year=1963 |publisher=UAOC |series= |volume=6 |location=Buenos Aires |id= |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |doi= |page=|archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status= |quote= }}
• {{cite web|last1=Popova|first1=L. I. |author-link=|date=2003|title=Pimonenko, Mykola (Kornylevych) [Nikolay Kornil'yevich] |website=Grove Art Online |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T067694 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T067694 |url-access=subscription }}

• {{cite book |last1=Hook |first1=Philip |last2=Poltimore |first2=Mark |title=Popular 19th Century Painting: a dictionary of European genre painters |date=1987 |publisher=Woodbridge Antique Collector's Club |isbn=978-18514-9-011-0 |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Ogievska |first1=I.V. |title=Микола Пимоненко: альбом |date=2013 |publisher=Mystetstvo |location=Kyiv |isbn=978-966-577-109-8 |ref=none |language=uk, en}}
• Volodymyr Orlovskyi (text), Микола Пимоненко (Mykola Pymonenko), images compiled by Olga Zhbankova, edited by Alexander Klimchuk. National Art Museum of Ukraine, and Khmelnitsky: Galereya, 2004 {{ISBN|966-8834-05-4}}, in Ukrainian.
• Boris Chyp, O.G. Oganesyan, Микола Пимоненко: біографічний роман (Mykola Pymonenko: biographical novel), Vol.59 of "Celebrated Names", Kyiv: Molod' (Youth Publishing), 1983, in Ukrainian.
• {{cite book|last=Zatenatsky|first= Y.P. |title = Николай Корнилович Пимоненко: жизнь и творчество, 1862-1912 |trans-title=Nikolay Kornilovich Pimonenko: Life and Work, 1862-1912 |location= Kiev |date = 1955 |publisher= Ukrainian SSR Science Academy; Institute of Arts, Folklore and Ethnography |oclc = 652334680 |ref=none|language=ru}}

{{commons category|Mykola Pymonenko}}

• [https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/mykola-pymonenko/ Article] by the Daily Art magazine

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Category:1862 births

Category:1912 deaths

Category:Artists from Kyiv

Category:Ukrainian genre painters

Category:Painters from the Russian Empire

Category:Peredvizhniki

Category:19th-century Ukrainian painters

Category:19th-century Ukrainian male artists

Category:Ukrainian male painters

Category:20th-century Ukrainian painters

Category:20th-century Ukrainian male artists

Category:Genre painters from the Russian Empire