NA61 experiment

{{Infobox organization

|name= NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN

| logo = NA61-SHINE_H_logo.png

| logo_size = 100px

| logo_caption= NA61 Experiment Logo

|image =

|caption =

|headquarters = Geneva, Switzerland

|leader_title = Leader of Experiment

|leader_name = Marek Gazdzicki

|formation = Data taking started on 18-04-2008

|website = https://shine.web.cern.ch/

}}

NA61/SHINE (standing for "SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment") is a particle physics experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).

{{cite web

|last1=Antoniou |first1=N.

|display-authors=etal

|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration

|year=2006

|title=Study of hadron production in hadron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS

|url=http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/995681?ln=en

|id=SPSC-P-330, CERN-SPSC-2006-034

|series=Proposal

}} The experiment studies the hadronic final states produced in interactions of various beam particles (pions, protons and beryllium, argon, and xenon nuclei) with a variety of fixed nuclear targets at the SPS energies.

About 135 physicists from 14 countries and 35 institutions work in NA61/SHINE, led by Marek Gazdzicki. NA61/SHINE is the second largest fixed target experiment at CERN.

Physics program

The NA61/SHINE physics program has been designed to measure hadron production in three different types of collisions:

In nucleus–nucleus (heavy ion) collisions, in particular the measurement of fluctuations and long range correlations, with the aim to identify the properties of the onset of deconfinement and find evidence for the critical point of strongly interacting matter.
In proton–proton and proton–nucleus interactions needed as reference data for better understanding of nucleus–nucleus reactions; in particular with regards to correlations, fluctuations and high transverse momenta.
In hadron–nucleus interactions needed for neutrino (T2K, NOvA and future DUNE) and cosmic-ray experiments (Pierre Auger Observatory and KASCADE).

Detector

The NA61/SHINE experiment uses a large acceptance hadron spectrometer located on the H2 beam line in the North Area of CERN. It consist of components used by the heavy ion NA49 experiment as well as those designed and

constructed for NA61/SHINE.

{{cite journal

|last1=Abgrall |first1=N.

|display-authors=etal

|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration

|year=2014

|title=NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system

|journal=Journal of Instrumentation

|volume=9 |issue=2–3 |pages=P06005

|arxiv=1401.4699

|bibcode=2014JInst...9P6005A

|doi=10.1088/1748-0221/9/06/P06005

|s2cid=49214489

}}

File:SHINE_PSD.jpg

The main tracking devices are four large volume time projection chambers (TPCs), which are capable of detecting up to 70% of all charged particles created in the studied reactions. Two of them are located in the magnetic field of two super-conducting dipole magnets with maximum bending powers of 9 Tesla meters. Two others are positioned downstream of the magnets symmetrically with respect to the beam line. Additionally, four small volume TPCs placed directly along the beamline region are used in case of hadron and light ion beams.

{{cite journal

|last1= Rumberger |first1=B.

|display-authors=etal

|year=2020

|title=The Forward TPC system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN: a tandem TPC concept

|journal=Journal of Instrumentation

|volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=P07013

|arxiv=2004.11358

|doi=10.1088/1748-0221/15/07/p07013

|bibcode=2020JInst..15P7013R

|s2cid=216080710

}}

The setup is supplemented by time of flight detector walls, which extend particle identification to low momenta ({{val|1|u=GeV/c}} < p ). Furthermore, the Projectile Spectator Detector (a calorimeter) is positioned downstream of the time of flight detectors to measure energy of projectile fragments.

Collected data

class="wikitable" ! style="background:#d0e5f5" \| Type of interaction ! style="background:#d0e5f5" \| Beam momentum $\left(\frac{GeV}{c}\right)$ ! style="background:#d0e5f5" \| Year ! style="background:#d0e5f5" \| Citation
{{math\|π}} + Be	120	2016	CERN-SPSC-2017-038{{cite report\|last=Aduszkiewicz\|first=A.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|date=4 October 2017\|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS\|journal=\|series=Status Report\|volume=CERN-SPSC-2017-038\|doi=10.17181/CERN.0KV8.20KE}}
{{math\|π}} + C	30, 60, 158, and 350	2009, 2012, 2016, and 2017	CERN-SPSC-2016-038,{{cite report\|last=Aduszkiewicz\|first=A.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|date=8 October 2016\|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS\|journal=\|series=Status Report\|volume=CERN-SPSC-2016-038\|doi=10.17181/CERN.SD0Z.RJ9V}} PR D100 112004,{{cite journal \|last1=Aduszkiewicz \|first1=A.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration \|display-authors=etal \|title=Measurements of hadron production in π⁺+C and π⁺+Be interactions at 60 GeV/c \|journal=Physical Review D \|date=2019-12-11 \|volume=100 \|issue=11 \|pages=112004 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.100.112004\|arxiv=1909.06294 \|bibcode=2019PhRvD.100k2004A \|s2cid=202573079 }} and PR D100 112001{{cite journal \|last1=Aduszkiewicz \|first1=A. \|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|display-authors=etal \|title=Measurements of production and inelastic cross sections for p+C, p+Be, and p+Al at 60 GeV/c and p+C and p+Be at 120 GeV/c \|journal=Physical Review D \|date=2019-12-02 \|volume=100 \|issue=11 \|pages=112001 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.100.112001\| arxiv=1909.03351 \|bibcode=2019PhRvD.100k2001A \|s2cid=202540178 }}
{{math\|π}} + Al	60	2017	CERN-SPSC-2016-038 and PR D98 052001{{cite journal \|last1=Aduszkiewicz \|first1=A. \|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|display-authors=etal \|title=Measurements of total production cross sections for π⁺+C, π⁺+Al, K⁺+C, and K⁺+Al at 60 GeV/c and π⁺+C and π⁺+Al at 31 GeV/c \|journal=Physical Review D \|date=2018-09-10 \|volume=98 \|issue=5 \|pages=052001 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.98.052001\|arxiv=1805.04546 \|bibcode=2018PhRvD..98e2001A \|s2cid=53657928 }}
Kaon + C	158	2012	CERN-SPSC-2016-038 and MPL A34 1950078{{cite journal \|last1=Ali \|first1=Y. \|last2=Ullah \|first2=S. \|last3=Khattak \|first3=S. A. \|last4=Ajaz \|first4=M. \|title=Study of pion kaon and proton in proton–carbon interactions at 158 GeV/ c using hadron production models \|journal=Modern Physics Letters A \|date=2019-03-28 \|volume=34 \|issue=10 \|pages=1950078 \|doi=10.1142/S0217732319500780\|bibcode=2019MPLA...3450078A \|s2cid=127251073 }}
p + p	13, 20, 31, 40, 80, 158, and 400	2009, 2010, 2011, and 2016	EPJ C80 460,{{cite journal \|last1=Aduszkiewicz \|first1=A. \|display-authors=etal \|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration \|title=K^∗(892)⁰ meson production in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 GeV/c beam momentum measured by NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS \|journal=The European Physical Journal C \|date=May 2020 \|volume=80 \|issue=5 \|pages=460 \|doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7955-1\|arxiv=2001.05370 \|bibcode=2020EPJC...80..460N \|s2cid=210718327 }} SQM 2019 315,{{cite book \|last1=Tefelska \|first1=Angelika \|title=The XVIII International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019) \|chapter=$$K^{*}(892)^0$$ Production in p$$+$$p Interactions from NA61/SHINE \|series=Springer Proceedings in Physics \|date=2020 \|volume=250 \|pages=315–318 \|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-53448-6_49\|arxiv=1911.01818 \|isbn=978-3-030-53447-9 \|s2cid=207870670 }} and EPJ C74 2794{{cite journal \|last1=Abgrall \|first1=N. \|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|display-authors=etal \|title=Measurement of negatively charged pion spectra in inelastic p+p interactions at p_lab = 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c \|journal=The European Physical Journal C \|date=March 2014 \|volume=74 \|issue=3 \|pages=2794 \|doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2794-6\|s2cid=56103527 \|doi-access=free \|arxiv=1310.2417 }}
p + Be	60, and 120	2016 and 2017	CERN-SPSC-2017-038, and PR D100 112001
p + C p + (T2K replica target) p + (NOvA replica target)	31, 60, 90, and 120	2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, and 2018	CERN-SPSC-2017-038, CERN-SPSC-2016-038, CERN-SPSC-2019-041,{{cite report\|last1=Aduszkiewicz\|first1=A.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|year=2019\|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS\|journal=\|series=Status Report\|volume=CERN-SPSC-2019-041\|doi=10.17181/CERN.E3JY.7Z6E}} PR D100 112001 and EPJ C76 617{{cite journal \|last1=Abgrall \|first1=N. \|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|display-authors=etal \|title=Measurements of π^± differential yields from the surface of the T2K replica target for incoming 31 GeV/c protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS \|journal=The European Physical Journal C \|date=November 2016 \|volume=76 \|issue=11 \|pages=617 \|doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4440-y\|bibcode=2016EPJC...76..617A \|s2cid=55382653 \|doi-access=free \|arxiv=1603.06774 }}
p + Al	60	2016	CERN-SPSC-2017-038 and NP B732 1{{cite journal \|doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.10.016\|title=Measurement of the production cross-section of positive pions in p–Al collisions at\|year=2006\|last1=Catanesi\|first1=M.G.\|display-authors=etal\|journal=Nuclear Physics B\|volume=732\|issue=1–2\|pages=1–45\|arxiv=hep-ex/0510039\|s2cid=119507867}}
p + Pb	30, 40, 80 and 158	2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017	CERN-SPSC-2015-036{{cite report\|last1=Aduszkiewicz\|first1=A.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|year=2015\|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment\|journal=\|series=Status Report\|volume=CERN-SPSC-2015-036\|doi=10.17181/CERN.38K1.4QRP}}
Be + Be	13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A	2011, 2012, and 2013	CERN-SPSC-2013-028,{{cite report \|doi=10.17181/CERN.91DL.3G3V\|year=2013\|last1=Abgrall\|first1=N.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS\|series=Status Report}} PoS 364 305,{{cite book \|doi=10.22323/1.364.0305\|chapter= Searching for the critical point of strongly interacting matter in nucleus-nucleus collisions at CERN SPS\|title=European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP2019) \|series=Proceedings of Science \|volume=364 \|year=2020\|last1=Davis\|first1=Nikolaos\|page=305\|s2cid= 228963987\|doi-access= free}} and EPJ C80 961{{cite journal \|last1=Acharya \|first1=A.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|display-authors=etal \|title=Measurements of π⁻ production in ⁷Be + ⁹Be collisions at beam momenta from 19A to 150A GeV/c in the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS \|journal=The European Physical Journal C \|date=October 2020 \|volume=80 \|issue=10 \|pages=961 \|doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08514-6\|arxiv=2008.06277\|bibcode=2020EPJC...80..961A\|s2cid=222277028 }}
C + C and C + CH $_2$	13A	2018	CERN-SPSC-2019-041
Ar + Sc	13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A	2015	CERN-SPSC-2015-036, PoS 364 305, Acta Phys. Pol. B Proc. Suppl. 10 645{{cite journal \|last1=Lewicki \|first1=M. \|title=Pion Spectra in Ar+Sc Interactions at SPS Energies \|journal=Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement \|date=2017 \|volume=10 \|issue=3 \|pages=645 \|doi=10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.10.645\|arxiv=1612.01334 \|s2cid=119011438 }} and EPJ C81 397{{cite journal \|last1=Acharya \|first1=A. \|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|display-authors=etal \|title=Spectra and mean multiplicities of π⁻ in central ⁴⁰Ar + ⁴⁵Sc collisions at 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A GeV/c beam momenta measured by the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS \|journal=The European Physical Journal C \|date=May 2021 \|volume=81 \|issue=5 \|pages=397 \|doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09135-3\|bibcode=2021EPJC...81..397A \|s2cid=236615453 \|doi-access=free }}
Xe + La	13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A	2017	CERN-SPSC-2018-029{{cite report\|last1=Aduszkiewicz\|first1=A.\|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration\|year=2018\|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS\|journal=\|series=Status Report\|volume=CERN-SPSC-2018-029\|doi=10.17181/CERN.XNSX.G8FK}} and PoS 364 305
Pb + Pb	13A, 30A, and 150A	2016 and 2018	CERN-SPSC-2016-038, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1690 012127{{cite journal \|last1=Kashirin \|first1=E \|last2=Selyuzhenkov \|first2=I \|last3=Golosov \|first3=O \|last4=Klochkov \|first4=V \|title=Directed flow measurement in Pb+Pb collisions at p lab = 13 A GeV/c collected with NA61/SHINE at SPS \|journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series \|date=December 2020 \|volume=1690 \|pages=012127 \|doi=10.1088/1742-6596/1690/1/012127\|s2cid=234506920 \|doi-access=free }} and PR C77 064908{{cite journal \|last1=Alt \|first1=C. \|display-authors=etal \|title=Bose-Einstein correlations of π − π − pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20 A, 30 A, 40 A, 80 A, and 158 A GeV \|journal=Physical Review C \|date=2008-06-30 \|volume=77 \|issue=6 \|pages=064908 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.77.064908\|s2cid=119200777 \|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1059622 \|arxiv=0709.4507 }}

Extended program: after [[Large Hadron Collider#Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2022)|Long Shutdown 2]]

File:NA61_SHINE.jpg

In 2018 the NA61/SHINE collaboration published an addendum presenting an intent to upgrade the experimental facility and perform a new set of measurements after Long Shutdown 2.

{{cite web

|last1=Aduszkiewicz |first1=A.

|display-authors=etal

|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration

|year=2018

|title=Study of Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at the CERN SPS: Early Post-LS2 Measurements and Future Plans

|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2309890

|id=CERN-SPSC-2018-008, SPSC-P-330-ADD-10

|series=Addendum (Proposal)

}} As in the original program, the new one proposes studies of hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions for heavy ions, neutrino and cosmic-ray physics.

The heavy ions program will focus on study of charm hadron production (mostly D mesons) in lead-lead interactions.

In 2020 the SPS and PS Experiments Committee (SPSC) recommended approval of beam time in 2021.

{{cite web

|collaboration=CERN. Geneva. SPS and PS Experiments Committee; SPSC

|year=2020

|title=Minutes of the 136th Meeting of the SPSC, Tuesday and Wednesday, 21–22 January 2020

|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2706935

|id=CERN-SPSC-2020-003; SPSC-136

}} The Research Board endorsed these recommendations.

{{cite web

|collaboration=CERN. Geneva. Research Board Committee; RB; PH

|year=2020

|title=Minutes of the 232nd meeting of the Research Board, held on 11 March 2020

|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2712812

|id=CERN-DG-RB-2020-495; M-232

}}

References

External links

[http://shine.web.cern.ch/ NA61/SHINE Collaboration web-site]
[http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/995681?ln=en NA61/SHINE proposal]
[http://na49info.web.cern.ch NA49 Collaboration web-site]
[https://www.instagram.com/shine.experiment/ NA61/SHINE Collaboration official instagram]
[https://inspirehep.net/experiments/1108234 CERN-NA-061] experiment record on INSPIRE-HEP

Category:Particle experiments

Category:CERN experiments

Category:Fixed-target experiments

NA61 experiment

Physics program

Detector

Collected data

Extended program: after [[Large Hadron Collider#Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2022)|Long Shutdown 2]]

See also

References

External links