NAIDOC Week

{{Short description|Observance week for Australian Indigenous peoples}}

{{Infobox festival

| name = NAIDOC Week

| logo =

| logo_size = 20p

| image =

| image_size =

| dates = First full week in July each year

| years_active= 1975–present

| caption =

| number =

| location = Australia

| language =

| website = {{URL|https://www.naidoc.org.au|naidoc.org.au}}

}}

NAIDOC Week ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|eɪ|d|ɒ|k}} {{Respell|NAY|dok}}) is an Australian observance lasting from the first Sunday in July until the following Sunday. The acronym NAIDOC stands for National Aboriginal and Islanders Day Observance Committee.{{Cite web |title=NAIDOC history |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/about/history |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.naidoc.org.au}}{{Cite web |date= 26 June 2024 |title=National NAIDOC Committee |url=https://www.directory.gov.au/portfolios/prime-minister-and-cabinet/national-indigenous-australians-agency/national-naidoc-committee |website=Australian Government Directory}}{{efn|According the NAIDOC website, whilst the committee recognises the word "aborigines" is a "defunct and inaccurate term", the term is retained "due to [its] historic use by our Elders in establishing this week of commemoration in 1938". However, the committee is popularly known as the National Aboriginal and Islander Day Observance Committee.{{URL|https://www.abc.net.au/education/educational-resources-about-indigenous-histories-and-cultures/13863676}}{{URL| https://www.indigenous.gov.au/news-and-media/stories/history-naidoc-week}}{{URL| https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/explainer-what-is-naidoc-week/eg9t1owcn}}}} NAIDOC Week has its roots in the 1938 Day of Mourning, becoming a week-long event in 1975.

NAIDOC Week celebrates the history, culture, and achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. The week is observed not just by Indigenous Australian communities but also by government agencies, schools, local councils, and workplaces.

In 1984, NADOC (the forerunner of NAIDOC) requested that National Aboriginal Day be made a national public holiday to help celebrate and recognise the rich cultural history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. There is no national public holiday in NAIDOC Week, but there have been calls by some Indigenous leaders to create one.{{Cite web |last=Manyweathers |first=Shaun |date=2022-07-07 |title=Get involved and show your support for a "NAIDOC Day" public holiday |url=https://www.firstpeoplesvic.org/news/naidoc-day-public-holiday/ |website=First Peoples’ Assembly of Victoria |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |date=2022-07-08 |title=Call for NAIDOC Week public holiday in Vic |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7813032/call-for-naidoc-week-public-holiday-in-vic/ |website=The Canberra Times |language=en-AU|url-access=subscription}}

History of the observance

File:A blackboard displayed outside the hall proclaims, "Day of Mourning" (12097105666).jpg

=Day of Mourning (1938)=

The idea behind NAIDOC goes back to a letter written by William Cooper that was aimed at Aboriginal communities and at churches. It was written on behalf of the Australian Aborigines Progressive Association, an umbrella group for a number of Aboriginal justice movements, and endorsed by around 100 Aboriginal delegates.{{cite news|title=Aboriginals commemorate Day of Mourning|publisher=ABC News|date=26 January 2008|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-01-26/aboriginals-commemorate-day-of-mourning/1024124|location=Australia|access-date=5 June 2013}}{{cite web|title=More information about Cyprus Hellene Club – Australian Hall|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/cyprus-hellene/information.html|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=5 June 2013|author=Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008202745/http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/cyprus-hellene/information.html|archive-date=8 October 2012|date=20 May 2008}}

The association gathered together a wide circle of Indigenous leaders including Douglas Nicholls, William Ferguson, Jack Patten and Margaret Tucker. In 1937 they organised the Day of Mourning. This day was called to:Andrew Markus (ed), Blood From A Stone: William Cooper and the Australian Aborigines League (Monash Publications in History, Department of History, Clayton, 1986).{{blockquote|to call the attention to the present deplorable condition of all aborigines, of whatever stage of culture, after 150 years of British rule. It is expected that such action will create such sympathy on the part of the whites that full justice and recompense will follow.}} The organisers requested that all Christian denominations would observe the day and that:{{blockquote| sermons be preached on this day dealing with the aboriginal people and their need of the gospel and response to it and we ask that special prayer be invoked for all missionary and other effort for the uplift of the dark people.}}

The Day was discussed in newspapers, with David Unaipon arguing against it, stating that the "most effective way of helping the natives is not by weeping and bemoaning the past, but by acting in the level present" and that instead the day should be celebrated with "a national programme, by which all the privileges of the dominant race ... be given to the blacks".{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68400731 |title=Aboriginal May Sit in Federal Parliament |newspaper=The Advocate |location=Burnie, Tas. |date=18 January 1938 |access-date=7 July 2015 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}} Subsequently, members of the Australian Aborigines Progressive Association met with then prime minister Joseph Lyons to argue for representation in the federal parliament by a non-voting member to represent Aboriginal people.

The message to the churches was eventually heeded, with Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane William Wand commending the proposal in 1940{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184750009 |title=Archbishop Wand Commends Aborigines' Sunday Proposal. |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=Brisbane |date=22 December 1939 |access-date=6 July 2015 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}} and the day was nationally observed by at least 1946.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article188432981 |title=Aborigines Sunday |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=Brisbane |date=2 February 1946 |access-date=7 July 2015 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}

=NAIDOC day of remembrance (1957)=

By 1957, the leaders of the movement decided to change the date from January to July. The National Aborigines Day Observance Committee (NADOC) and the first Sunday in July became a day of remembrance and celebration for Aboriginal people and heritage.{{cite web|title=NAIDOC Week|url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/naidoc-week|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=5 June 2013|author=Australian Government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503183236/http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/naidoc-week|archive-date=3 May 2013|date=14 February 2011}}{{cite web | title=History of Naidoc | website=Australian Embassy, France | date=13 February 2008 | url=https://france.embassy.gov.au/pari/NAIDOChistory.html | access-date=24 October 2022}}

=NAIDOC Week (1991)=

In 1991 NADOC became NAIDOC (National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee), to recognise Torres Strait Islanders and to describe a whole week of recognition, rather than one day.{{cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=NAIDOC Week |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/about/naidoc-week |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=NAIDOC}}{{cite web|title=Working with Aboriginal People and Communities|url=http://www.community.nsw.gov.au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/working_with_aboriginal.pdf|publisher=NSW Government|access-date=5 June 2013|author=NSW Department of Community Services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409084921/http://www.community.nsw.gov.au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/working_with_aboriginal.pdf|archive-date=9 April 2013|page=37|date=February 2009}}

The committee's acronym has since become the name of the week itself.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

= COVID-19 impact =

In 2020, NAIDOC Week was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, and postponed from July{{cite web |title=NAIDOC Week 2020 Postponed |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/naidoc-week-2020-postponed |website=naidoc.org.au |publisher=National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee |access-date=7 July 2021 |language=en-AU |date=18 March 2020}} to 8−15 November 2020.{{cite web |title=Countdown is on to NAIDOC Week 2020 |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/countdown-naidoc-week-2020 |website=naidoc.org.au |publisher=National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee |access-date=7 July 2021 |language=en |date=3 November 2020}} However the national NAIDOC Awards, due to take place in Mparntwe / Alice Springs, were cancelled owing to continuing uncertainties.{{cite web |title=Cancellation of the 2020 National NAIDOC Awards and the 2020 Awards Ceremony |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/cancellation-2020-national-naidoc-awards-and-2020-awards-ceremony |website=naidoc.org.au |publisher=National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee |access-date=7 July 2021 |language=en |date=14 August 2020}} The 2021 National NAIDOC Awards ceremony was scheduled for 3 July 2021, but again cancelled.{{cite web |title=Cancellation of National NAIDOC Awards ceremony in Mparntwe (Alice Springs) |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/cancellation-national-naidoc-awards-ceremony-mparntwe-alice-springs |website=naidoc.org.au |publisher=National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee |access-date=7 July 2021 |language=en |date=4 June 2021}} An event was then planned for 3 July at the Sydney Opera House. However, by July Sydney was in COVID-19 lockdown, and the Sydney ceremony was postponed.{{cite news |last1=Nguyen |first1=Kevin |title=Sweeping COVID restrictions to be introduced in Sydney today as 16 new cases confirmed |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-23/nsw-records-16-new-ocally-acquired-covid-19-cases/100236472 |access-date=23 June 2021 |publisher=ABC News |location=Australia |date=23 June 2021 |language=en-AU}}{{cite web |title=Postponement of the National NAIDOC Awards 2021 |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/postponement-national-naidoc-awards-2021 |website=naidoc.org.au |publisher=National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee |access-date=7 July 2021 |language=en |date=25 June 2021}} Due to the continuing pandemic, NAIDOC Week 2021 was also postponed; events for it in the Northern Territory were rescheduled to start on 11 July, but some events were cancelled.{{cite news |title=Sydney lockdown to be extended and plans to boost vaccine rollout. Here's the latest COVID-19 news across Australia @ The Northern Territory has rescheduled NAIDOC week |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-07/latest-updates-covid-19-australia/100272832 |access-date=7 July 2021 |publisher=ABC News |location=Australia |date=6 July 2021 |language=en-AU}}

NAIDOC Week activities

NAIDOC activities are held across Australia, activities include cultural and educational activities in schools and workplaces and public displays.

NAIDOC Week activities might include listening to Indigenous Australian music, reading dream time stories, visiting Indigenous Australian websites on the Internet, organising an art competition and watching programmes on both Australian television (and their streaming services) related to the week.{{cite web|title=Celebrating NAIDOC Week|url=http://www.naidoc.org.au/celebrating-naidoc-week/|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=5 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428120354/http://www.naidoc.org.au/celebrating-naidoc-week/|archive-date=28 April 2013}}

Television stations such as the ABC and SBS structure programming across the week to celebrate events, actors and more on their various channels (as well as their streaming services).

Major celebratory events take place in Australia's major cities as well as in larger rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, including Alice Springs, Hermannsburg, Shepparton and Mildura.

=National NAIDOC Awards=

The National NAIDOC Awards Ceremony and Ball, celebrating the end of NAIDOC Week festivities is held in a different host city each year. The Ball features Indigenous food and live bands.{{cite web|title=NAIDOC Awards|url=http://www.naidoc.org.au/naidoc-awards/|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=5 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428120322/http://www.naidoc.org.au/naidoc-awards/|archive-date=28 April 2013}}

=NAIDOC Poster Competition=

The first NAIDOC poster was created in 1972 to promote "Aborigines Day". The protest nature of the poster continued until 1977 with titles like "Self Determination" and "Chains or Chance" publicising political change and a day of remembrance.{{cite web|title=NAIDOC Poster Competition WINNER ANNOUNCED!|url=http://teabba.com.au/naidoc-poster-competition-winner-announced/|website=TEABBA, via WayBackMachine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623031015/http://teabba.com.au/naidoc-poster-competition-winner-announced/|access-date=5 July 2021|archive-date=23 June 2017}}{{cite web|title=Poster Gallery|url=http://www.naidoc.org.au/poster-gallery|website=NAIDOC Week|access-date=20 July 2015}}

=National NAIDOC themes and host cities=

2024: "Keep the Fire Burning! Blak, Loud & Proud" {{cite web |title=NAIDOC Week 2024|url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/2024-naidoc-week-theme-keep-fire-burning-blak-loud-and-proud |access-date=1 July 2024}}
2023: "For Our Elders"{{cite web |title=NAIDOC Week 2023 – For Our Elders |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/awards/current-theme |website=NAIDOC.org.au |access-date=26 June 2023}}
2022: "Get Up! Stand Up! Show Up!"{{cite web |title=NAIDOC Week 2022 – Get Up! Stand Up! Show Up! |url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/naidoc-week-2022-get-stand-show |website=NAIDOC.org.au |access-date=25 May 2022}}
2021: "Heal Country, heal our nation"{{Cite web|date=2021-01-20|title=2021 theme|url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/get-involved/2021-theme|access-date=2021-05-19|website=NAIDOC|language=en}}
2020: "Always Was, Always Will Be"{{cite web|url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/news/2020-naidoc-week-theme-announced-always-was-always-will-be|title=2020 NAIDOC Week theme announced: Always Was, Always Will be|publisher=NAIDOC|date=17 December 2019|access-date=16 May 2020}}
2019: "Voice Treaty Truth" (Melbourne)
2018: "Because of her, we can!" (Sydney)
2017: "Our languages matter" (Cairns)
2016: "Songlines: The living narrative of our nation" (Darwin)
2015: "We all Stand on Sacred Ground: Learn, Respect and Celebrate" (Adelaide)
2014: "Serving Country: Centenary & Beyond" (Gold Coast)
2013: "We value the vision: Yirrkala Bark Petitions 1963" (Perth)
2012: "Spirit of the Tent Embassy: 40 years on" (Hobart)
2011: "Change: the next step is ours" (Sydney)
2010: "Unsung Heroes – Closing the Gap by Leading Their Way" (Melbourne)
2009: "Honouring Our Elders, Nurturing Our Youth" (Brisbane)
2008: "Advance Australia Fair?" (Canberra)
2007: "50 Years: Looking Forward, Looking Blak" (Darwin)
2006: "Respect the Past-Believe in the Future" (Cairns)
2005: "Our Future Begins with Solidarity" (Adelaide)
2004: "Self-determination-Our Community—Our Future—Our Responsibility" (Perth)
2003: "Our Children Our Future" (Hobart)
2002: "Recognition, Rights and Reform" (Sydney)
2001: "Treaty—Let's Get it Right" (Melbourne)
2000: "Building Pride in Our Communities" (Townsville)
1999: "Respect" (Alice Springs)
1998: "Bringing Them Home" (Broome)
1997: "Gurindji, Mabo, Wik-Three Strikes for Justice-Celebrating the 1967 Referendum" (Brisbane)
1996: "Survive—Revive—Come Alive" (Adelaide)
1995: "Justice Not Tolerance" (Perth)
1994: "Families Are the Basis of Our Existence—Maintain the Link" (Melbourne)
1993: "Aboriginal Nations—Owners of the Land Since Time Began—Community is Unity" (Darwin)
1992: "Maintain the Dreaming—Our Culture is Our Heritage" (Canberra)
1991: "Community is Unity—Our Future Depends on Us" (Sydney)
1990: "New Decade——Don’t Destroy, Learn and Enjoy Our Cultural Heritage" (Tasmania)
1989: "The Party is Over—Let's Be Together as an Aboriginal Nation" (Darwin)
1988: "Recognise and Share the Survival of the Oldest Culture in the World" (Brisbane)
1987: "White Australia Has a Black History" (Perth)
1986: "Peace—Not For You—Not For Me But For All" (Adelaide)
1985: "Understanding: It Takes the Two of Us" (Melbourne)
1984: "Take a Journey of Discovery – To the Land My Mother" (Adelaide)
1983: "Let's Talk—We Have Something to Say"
1982: "Race For Life For a Race"
1981: "Sacred Sites Aboriginal Rights-Other Australians Have Their Rites"
1980: "Treat Us to a Treaty on Land Rights"
1979: "1979 International Year of the Child. What About Our Kids!"
1978: "Cultural Revival is Survival"
1977: "Chains or Change"
1976: "Trucanini Last of her People Born 18?? . Died 1876. Buried 1976. Received Her Land Rights at Last"
1975: "Justice for Urban Aboriginal Children"
1974: "Self-Determination"
1973: "It's Time For Mutual Understanding"
1972: "Advance Australia Where?"{{cite web|title=Theme and Host City|url=http://www.naidoc.org.au/about/theme-and-host-city|website=NAIDOC|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=22 July 2015}}

=Football=

In Western Australia, an Australian rules football match between {{WAFL|Cla}} and {{WAFL|SF}} in the West Australian Football League has been played during NAIDOC week since 2007, with the winner being awarded the Jimmy Melbourne Cup, in honour of the first Indigenous Australian player to play senior football in a major Australian football league.{{cite news|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/sport/a/-/wafl/9765777/greats-gather-to-celebrate-naidoc/ |title=Greats gather to celebrate NAIDOC|first=Shayne |last=Hope|work=The West Australian|date=1 July 2011}}