NASA Centurion
| {{Infobox aircraft begin
|name = Centurion |image = Centurion-EC98-44822-5.jpg |caption = Centurion takes off from Dryden in December, 1998 }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type = Remote controlled UAV |manufacturer = AeroVironment |designer = |first flight = November 10, 1998 |introduction = |retired = |status = |primary user = NASA ERAST Program |number built = 1 |program cost= |unit cost = |developed from = NASA Pathfinder |variants with their own articles = |developed into = NASA Helios }} |
The NASA Centurion was the third aircraft developed as part of an evolutionary series of solar- and fuel-cell-system-powered unmanned aerial vehicles. AeroVironment, Inc. developed the vehicles under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. They were built to develop the technologies that would allow long-term, high-altitude aircraft to serve as atmospheric satellites, to perform atmospheric research tasks as well as serve as communications platforms.{{cite web |title=NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Helios Prototype |website=NASA |date=13 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419154840/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-068-DFRC.html |archive-date=2023-04-19 |url-status=live |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-068-DFRC.html}} It was developed from the NASA Pathfinder Plus aircraft and was developed into the NASA Helios.
Centurion
File:Centurionquarter-EC97-43931-26.jpg
Centurion, originally built for the {{convert|100000|ft|m}} altitude on solar power milestone specified by the ERAST project, was the third generation aircraft in the NASA Pathfinder series of electrical-powered flying wing unmanned aircraft. The ERAST program managers had determined that an aircraft based on the Pathfinder/Pathfinder Plus concept would be the lowest risk approach of achieving the altitude goal.[https://web.archive.org/web/20030620174629/http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Research/Erast/centurion2.html NASA Centurion fact sheet, archived at archive.org, accessed September 8, 2008]
Initially, a quarter-scale model of the Centurion was test flown at El Mirage Dry Lake on March 4, 1997. The full-size Centurion's maiden flight took place at Rogers Dry Lake on November 10, 1998, and lasted a total of 1 hr and 24 minutes. At the time, it weighed in at {{convert|1385|lb|kg|1}} (including a {{convert|150|lb|kg|1}} steel anvil hanging on its centerline to simulate a payload) for its first flight. The flight was nearly flawless and was followed by a second similar performance on November 19, this time before a crowd of VIPs and Media. It lasted 1 hr and 29 minutes. The third and final flight of the low altitude test series took place on December 3. On this flight the vehicle was loaded down to its maximum gross weight of {{convert|1806|lb|kg|1}} to test its weight carrying capability. Total flight time on this flight was 30 minutes, as it was shortened because high winds were anticipated by mid-morning. All of these flights took place on battery power and verified the design's handling qualities, performance, and structural integrity. Following these three flights, NASA decided to expand the aircraft into the Helios Prototype, with work starting in January, 1999.
=Aircraft description=
The design of Centurion resulted in an aircraft that looked very much like the Pathfinder, but with a much longer wingspan of {{convert|206|ft|m}}. Although the Centurion shape resembled the Pathfinder, the structure was designed to be stronger and capable of carrying numerous payloads (up to {{convert|600|lb|kg|1}}) more efficiently. Its wing incorporated a redesigned high-altitude airfoil and the span was increased to {{convert|206|ft|m}}. The number of motors was increased to 14 and the number of underwing pods to carry batteries, flight control system components, ballast, and landing gear rose to four.
Specifications
File:Solar Aircraft Evolution through the ERAST Program.png
See also
- The prehistory of endurance UAVs
- Electric aircraft
- Regenerative fuel cell
- NASA Pathfinder (First flew in June 1983)
- NASA/AeroVironment Helios Prototype (First flight 8 September 1999)
- QinetiQ/Airbus Zephyr (First flight in 2008)
- Facebook Aquila (First flight 28 June 2016)
- SoftBank/AeroVironment HAPSMobile (First flight 11 September 2019)
- BAE Systems PHASA-35 (First flight 17 February 2020)
References
This article contains material that originally came from the web article {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110902194407/http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav.html "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles"]}} by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.
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- "[https://web.archive.org/web/20151027114339/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/photovoltaic-finesse/ Photovoltaic Finesse]: Better Solar Cells—with Wires Where the Sun Don't Shine", an article by Daniel Cho on page thirty-three of the September, 2003 issue of Scientific American
External links
{{commons category|NASA Pathfinder}}
- [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/history/pastprojects/Helios/index.html NASA's Helios Project]
- [http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forkids/home/helios.html Helios for kids]
- [http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/details?mid=c2fff02f9bfb875ae355c690027e5c19 Helios model by DesignsbyALX] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519123154/http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/details?mid=c2fff02f9bfb875ae355c690027e5c19 |date=2011-05-19 }}.
- [http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/July2000/3781.htm "3G Tested at {{convert|65,000|ft|m}} in the stratosphere" 3G news release July 23, 2002]
- [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/08/980819081740.htm Science Daily article on Pathfinder Plus altitude record]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090619043251/http://www.airport-int.com/categories/nasa-research/solarpowered-plane-successfully-relays-hdtvtelecom-over-kauai.asp Telecom relay achievements at Airport International]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080515202902/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/skytower_020724.html Space.com article]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120216181332/http://thefutureofthings.com/articles/51/solar-uav-to-set-a-new-world-record.html?addComment History of solar powered UAVs at The Future of Things]
- [http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/in_the_museum-jj07.html Pathfinder Plus at NASM]
- {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120210134503/http://www.californiasolarcenter.org/solareclips/2003.07/20030722-7.html Helios crash article]}}
- [https://archive.today/20130202181349/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=9060 NASA-AeroVironment contract for followon projects]
- [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pasa/is_200107/ai_666840911 Helios record attempt article]
- NASA image collections:
- [http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/photo/Pathfinder/HTML/index.html NASA Pathfinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415000115/http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/photo/Pathfinder/HTML/index.html |date=2013-04-15 }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/19990223203330/http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/gallery/photo/Pathfinder-Plus/index.html NASA Pathfinder Plus]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/19970605020616/http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/gallery/photo/Centurion/index.html NASA Centurion]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20000303022202/http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/gallery/photo/Helios/Large/index.html NASA Helios Prototype]
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