ND experiment

{{Short description|Nuclear physics experiments in Novosibirsk, Russia (1982-1987)}}

Neutral Detector (ND) is a detector for particle physics experiments created by the team of physicists in the

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Experiments with the ND were conducted from 1982 to 1987 at the e⁺e⁻ storage ring VEPP-2M in the energy range 2E=0.5-1.4 GeV.

Physics

At the beginning of 80s the leading cross sections of the electron-positron annihilation in the final states with charged particles were measured in the energy range 2E=0.5-1.4 GeV. Processes with the neutral particles in the final state were less studied. To investigate the radiative decays of the $\rho^0$ , $\omega$ , and $\phi$ mesons and other processes involving photons, $\pi^0$ , and $\eta$ mesons the ND

{{cite journal

|last1=Golubev |first1=V. B.

|year=1984

|title=The neutral detector at VEPP-2M

|journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A

|volume=227 |number=3 |pages=467–469

|doi=10.1016/0168-9002(84)90202-X|bibcode = 1984NIMPA.227..467G |display-authors=etal}}

was constructed. Its distinguishing features are defined by the specially designed electromagnetic calorimeter based on NaI(Tl) scintillation counters.

List of published analyses

{{cite journal

|last1=Dolinsky |first1=S. I.

|year=1991

|title=Summary of experiments with the neutral detector at the e⁺e⁻ storage ring VEPP-2M

|journal=Physics Reports

|volume=202 |number=3 |pages=99–170

|doi= 10.1016/0370-1573(91)90127-8|bibcode = 1991PhR...202...99D |display-authors=etal}}

Radiative decays

: $e^+e^- \to \rho, \omega, \phi \to \pi^0 \gamma, \eta \gamma$

{{cite journal

|last1=Dolinsky |first1=S. I.

|year=1984

|title=Radiative decays of ρ and ω mesons

|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik C

|volume=42 |number=4 |pages=511–518

|doi= 10.1007/BF01557655|s2cid=122486080

|display-authors=etal}}

{{cite journal

|last1=Druzhinin |first1=V. P.

|year=1984

|title=Measurement of Φ-meson radiative decays at the storage ring VEPP-2M with the neutral detector

|journal=Physics Letters B

|volume=144 |number=1–2 |pages=136–140

|doi= 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90192-8 |bibcode = 1984PhLB..144..136D |display-authors=etal}}

: $\phi \to \eta^\prime \gamma$

{{cite journal

|last1=Druzhinin |first1=V. P.

|year=1987

|title=Search for rare radiative decays of Φ-meson at VEPP-2M

|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik C

|volume=37 |number=1 |pages=1–5

|doi= 10.1007/BF01442062 |bibcode = 1987ZPhyC..37....1D |s2cid=120341644

|display-authors=etal}}

Rare decays of the $\rho^0$ , $\omega$ , and $\phi$ mesons

: $\omega, \phi \to \pi^0 e^+e^-$ S.I. Dolinsky et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 48 (1988) 277.

: $\phi \to \pi^+ \pi^-$ V. B. Golubev et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 44 (1986) 409.

Search for rare decays

: $\rho \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$ V. B. Vasserman et al., Sov. J. Mod. Phys. 48 (1988) 480.

: $\omega, \phi \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \gamma$

: $\phi \to \pi^0 \eta \gamma$ V. M. Aulchcnko et al., Preprini INP 87-90 (Novosibirsk, 1987).

: light scalars $a_0(980)$ and $f_0(975)$ in $\phi$ -meson radiative decays

Non-resonant electron-positron annihilation into hadrons

: $e^+e^- \to \omega \pi^0$

{{cite journal

|last1=Dolinsky |first1=S. I.

|year=1986

|title=The reaction e⁺e⁻ → ωπ⁰ in the cm energy range from 1.0 to 1.4 GeV

|journal=Phys. Lett. B

|volume=174 |number=4 |pages=453–457

|doi=10.1016/0370-2693(86)91036-1|bibcode = 1986PhLB..174..453D |display-authors=etal}}

: $e^+e^- \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0 ,~~ \pi^+ \pi^- \eta$ A. D. Bukin et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 50 (1989) 621.

{{cite journal

|last1=Druzhinin |first1=V. P.

|year=1986

|title=Investigation of the reaction e⁺e⁻ → ηπ⁺π⁻ in the energy range up to 1.4 GeV

|journal=Phys. Lett. B

|volume=174 |number=1 |pages=115–117

|doi=10.1016/0370-2693(86)91140-8 |bibcode = 1986PhLB..174..115D |display-authors=etal}}

: $e^+e^- \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^+ \pi^-,~~ \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0 \pi^0$ V. M. Aulchenko et al., Preprint INP 86-106 (Novosibirsk, 1987).

Test of QED processes V. P. Druzhinin et al., Preprint INP 85-98 (Novosibirsk, 1985).V. M. Aulchcnko et al., Preprint INP 86-173 (Novosibirsk, 1986).

: $e^+e^- \to \gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma$

: $e^+e^- \to e^+e^- \gamma \gamma$

: $e^+e^- \to e^+e^- e^+e^-$

: $e^+e^- \to e^+e^- \gamma$ (virtual Compton scattering) V. B. Golubev et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 41(1985) 752.

Analyses of other processes
Measurement of the ω-meson parameters

{{cite journal

|last1=Aulchenko |first1=V. M.

|title=The width of the ω-meson

|journal=Phys. Lett. B

|volume=186 |number=3–4 |year=1987 |pages=432–434

|doi=10.1016/0370-2693(87)90322-4 |bibcode = 1987PhLB..186..432A |display-authors=etal}}

Upper limits on electron width of scalar and tensor mesons $f_0(975)$ , $f_2(1270)$ , $f_0(1300)$ , $a_0(980)$ , and $a_2(1320)$ P. V. Vorobyov et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 48 (1988) 436.
$\phi \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0,~~ K^0_S K^0_L$ V. P. Druzhinin et al., Preprint INP 85-97 (Novosibirsk, 1985).
Search for
$e^+e^- \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \gamma$ V. B. Golubev et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 45 (1987) 622.
$K^0_S \to \gamma \gamma$ I. B. Vasserman et al., JETP Lett. 43(1986) 588.
$e^+e^- \to C(1480) \to \phi \pi^0$ V. M. Aulchenkoet al., JETP Lett. 45 (1987) 145.

Detector

:File:Neutral-Detector-R-Phi-projection-V2.gif

:File:Neutral-Detector-R-Theta-projection.gif

Based on goals of the physics program the ND consist of

Electromagnetic calorimeter

168 rectangular NaI(Tl) scintillation counters
total mass of NaI(Tl) is 2.6 t
solid angle coverage is 65% of 4π sr
minimum thickness is 32 cm or 12 radiation length
energy resolution for photons is σ/E = 4% / {{radic|E}}

Charged particle coordinate system

3 layers of coaxial cylindrical 2-d wire proportional chambers in the center of the detector
solid angle coverage is 80% of 4π sr
angular resolution is 0.5° in the azimuthal and 1.5° in the polar direction
surrounded by the 5-mm thick plastic scintillation counter for trigger

Flat (shower) coordinate 2-d wire proportional chambers

2 layers of flat 2-d wire proportional chambers.
angular resolution is 2° in the azimuthal and 3.5° in the polar direction for 0.5 GeV photons

Iron absorber & anti-coincidence counters

The electromagnetic calorimeter is covered by the 10-cm thick iron absorber and plastic scintillation anti-coincidence counters.

Results

Data collected with the ND experiment corresponds to the integrated luminosity 19 pb⁻¹.

Results of the experiments with ND are presented in Ref.,

and are included in the PDG Review.

[http://pdg.lbl.gov/index.html The Review of Particle Physics],

[http://iopscience.iop.org/0954-3899/37/7A/075021 K. Nakamura et al. (Particle Data Group), J. Phys. G 37, 075021 (2010)]

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20060207105713/http://www.inp.nsk.su/index.en.shtml Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP)]
[http://www.inp.nsk.su/activity/old/vepp2m/index.ru.shtml VEPP-2M]
[https://inspirehep.net/experiments/1109662 NOVOSIBIRSK-ND experiment] record on INSPIRE-HEP

Category:Particle detectors

Category:Particle experiments

Category:Experimental particle physics

Category:Particle physics facilities

Category:Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics

ND experiment

Physics

Detector

Results

See also

References

External links