NEAT1

{{Infobox_gene}}

NEAT1 (Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1) is a ~3.2 kb novel nuclear long non-coding RNA (RIKEN cDNA 2310043N10Rik). It is also known as Virus Inducible NonCoding RNA (VINC) or MEN epsilon RNA. It is transcribed from the multiple endocrine neoplasia locus.{{cite journal |vauthors=Saha S, Rangarajan PN |title=Common host genes are activated in mouse brain by Japanese encephalitis and rabies viruses. |journal=J Gen Virol |volume=84 |issue=Pt 7 |pages=1729–1735 |year=2003 |pmid=12810866 |doi=10.1099/vir.0.18826-0|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Saha S, Murthy S, Rangarajan PN |title=Identification and characterization of a virus-inducible non-coding RNA in mouse brain. |journal=J Gen Virol |volume=87 |issue=Pt 7 |pages=1991–1995 |year=2006 |pmid=16760401 |doi=10.1099/vir.0.81768-0|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Hutchinson JN, Ensminger AW, Clemson CM, Lynch CR, Lawrence JB, Chess A |title=A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains. |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=8 |pages=39 |year=2007 |pmid=17270048 |doi=10.1186/1471-2164-8-39 |pmc=1800850 |doi-access=free }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (non-protein coding)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=283131}}

Expression of NEAT1 is induced in mouse brains during infection by Japanese encephalitis virus and rabies virus. NEAT1 is constitutively expressed in a number of non-neuronal tissues and cell lines.

NEAT1 localizes to specific nuclear structures called paraspeckles.{{cite journal |vauthors=Sasaki YT, Ideue T, Sano M, Mituyama T, Hirose T |title=MENepsilon/beta noncoding RNAs are essential for structural integrity of nuclear paraspeckles. |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |volume=106 |issue=8 |pages=2525–2530 |year=2009 |pmid=19188602 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0807899106 |pmc=2650297|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Clemson CM, Hutchinson JN, Sara SA, Ensminger AW, Fox AH, Chess A, Lawrence JB |title=An architectural role for a nuclear noncoding RNA: NEAT1 RNA is essential for the structure of paraspeckles. |journal=Mol Cell |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=717–726 |year=2009 |pmid=19217333 |doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.026 |pmc=2696186}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Sunwoo H, Dinger ME, Wilusz JE, Amaral PP, Mattick JS, Spector DL |title=MEN epsilon/beta nuclear-retained non-coding RNAs are up-regulated upon muscle differentiation and are essential components of paraspeckles. |journal=Genome Res |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=347–359 |year=2009 |pmid=19106332 |doi=10.1101/gr.087775.108 |pmc=2661813}} NEAT1 RNA interacts with a paraspeckle protein known as P54nrb or NONO and it is essential for paraspeckle formation. Some studies demonstrate that NEAT1 RNA is essential for the formation and maintenance of paraspeckles. Thus, this novel noncoding RNA appears to have an important structural role in the nuclear paraspeckles.{{cite journal |vauthors=Sasaki YT, Ideue T, Sano M, Mituyama T, Hirose T |title=MENepsilon/beta noncoding RNAs are essential for structural integrity of nuclear paraspeckles. |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |volume=106 |issue=8 |pages=2525–2530 |year=2009 |pmid=19188602 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0807899106 |pmc=2650297|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Clemson CM, Hutchinson JN, Sara SA, Ensminger AW, Fox AH, Chess A, Lawrence JB |title=An architectural role for a nuclear noncoding RNA: NEAT1 RNA is essential for the structure of paraspeckles. |journal=Mol Cell |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=717–726 |year=2009 |pmid=19217333 |doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.026 |pmc=2696186}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Sunwoo H, Dinger ME, Wilusz JE, Amaral PP, Mattick JS, Spector DL |title=MEN epsilon/beta nuclear-retained non-coding RNAs are up-regulated upon muscle differentiation and are essential components of paraspeckles. |journal=Genome Res |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=347–359 |year=2009 |pmid=19106332 |doi=10.1101/gr.087775.108 |pmc=2661813}} There are two isoforms of NEAT1, NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2, which are regulated by alternative 3′-end processing.{{cite journal |vauthors=Naganuma T, Nakagawa S, Tanigawa A, Sasaki YF, Goshima N, Hirose T |title=Alternative 3′-end Processing of Long Noncoding RNA Initiates Construction of Nuclear Paraspeckles. |journal=EMBO J |volume=31 |issue=20 |pages=4020–4034 |year=2012 |pmid= 3474925 |doi=10.1038/emboj.2012.251|pmc=3474925}} Mutant mice lacking Neat1 do not exhibit overt external abnormalities, but the female mice exhibit decreased fertility and lactation defect.{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakagawa S, Shimada M, Yanaka K, Mito M, Arai T, Takahashi E, Fujita Y, FUjimori T, Standaert L, Marine JC, Hirose T |title=The lncRNA Neat1 Is Required for Corpus Luteum Formation and the Establishment of Pregnancy in a Subpopulation of Mice. |journal=Development |volume=141 |issue=23 |pages=4618–4627 |year=2014 |pmid= 25359727 |doi=10.1242/dev.110544 |pmc=4302932}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Standaert L, Adriaens C, Radaelli E, Keymeulen AV, Blanpain C, Hirose T, Nakagawa S, Marine JC |title=The Long Noncoding RNA Neat1 Is Required for Mammary Gland Development and Lactation. |journal=RNA |volume=20 |issue=12 |pages=1844–1849 |year=2014 |pmid= 25316907 |doi=10.1261/rna.047332.114 |pmc=4238351}}