NGC 1435

{{short description|Diffuse reflection nebula within the Pleiades}}

{{Infobox nebula

| name = NGC 1435

| image = Pleiades Spitzer big.jpg

|caption= The Merope Nebula
and surrounding nebulosity in Pleiades, taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope

| epoch = J2000

| type = reflection

| ra = {{RA|03|46}}{{cite simbad

|title=NGC 1435

|access-date=2011-07-04}}

| dec = {{DEC|+23|54}}

| dist_ly = 440{{cite web

| title=SEDS Students for the Exploration and Development of Space

| work=The star Merope and its Nebula NGC 1435/IC 349 in the Pleiades

| url=http://messier.seds.org/more/m045_merope.html

| access-date=2007-08-22}}

| dist_pc = 130

| appmag_v = 13 (IC 349)

| size_v = 30{{prime}}

| constellation = Taurus

| radius_ly = 2

| absmag_v = 8

| notes = In Pleiades; contains IC 349

| names = NGC 1435, Merope Nebula, Tempel's Nebula

}}

The Merope Nebula (also known as Tempel's Nebula and NGC 1435) is a diffuse reflection nebula in the Pleiades star cluster, surrounding the 4th magnitude star Merope. It was discovered on October 19, 1859 by the German astronomer Wilhelm Tempel. The discovery was made using a 10.5 cm refractor.{{cite book |last=Steinicke |first= Wolfgang |date=2010 |title=Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters: From Herschel to Dreyer's New General Catalogue |publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=523|isbn=9781316644188}} John Herschel included it as 768 in his General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars but never observed it himself.{{cite book |last=Steinicke |first= Wolfgang |date=2010 |title=Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters: From Herschel to Dreyer's New General Catalogue |publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=528|isbn=9781316644188}}

The Merope Nebula has an apparent magnitude starting at 13 and quickly dimming by a factor of about 15,{{cite journal

|last=Herbig |first=G. H.

|title=IC 349: Barnard's Merope Nebula

|journal=Astronomical Journal

|volume=111 |pages=1241 |year=1996

|doi=10.1086/117869

|bibcode=1996AJ....111.1241H}} making most of the nebula dimmer than magnitude 16. It is illuminated entirely by the star Merope, which is embedded in the nebula. It contains a bright knot, IC 349, about half an arcminute wide near Merope, which was discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard in November 1890. It is naturally very bright but is almost hidden in the radiance of Merope.Merope, Star-Names and their meanings, Richard Hinckley Allen, Dover Publications, 1963, pg. 406. It appears blue in photographs because of the fine carbon dust spread throughout the cloud. Though it was once thought the Pleiades formed from this and surrounding nebulae, it is now known that the Pleiades nebulosity is caused by a chance encounter with the cloud.