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NGC 346

{{short description|Open cluster in the constellation Tucana}}

{{Infobox open cluster

| name = NGC 346

| image = File:NGC 346 MIRI image (weic2324a).jpg

| caption = James Webb Space Telescope image of NGC 346

| credit =

| epoch = J2000

| constellation = Tucana

| ra = {{RA|00|59|05.090}}

| dec = {{DEC|−72|10|33.24}}

| dist_ly = 210,000 light-years

| mass_msol =

| radius_ly =

| age =

| notes = H II region

| names = ESO 51-10, N66

}}

NGC 346 is a young open cluster of stars with associated nebula located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) that appears in the southern constellation of Tucana. It was discovered August 1, 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "bright, large, very irregular figure, much brighter middle similar to double star, mottled but not resolved". On the outskirts of the cluster is the multiple star system HD 5980, one of the brightest stars in the SMC.

Description

This cluster is located near the center of the brightest H II region in the SMC, designated N66. This is positioned in the northeast section of the galactic bar. Stellar surveys have identified 230 massive OB stars in the direction of this cluster. 33 of the cluster members are O-type stars, with 11 of type O6.5 or earlier. The inner {{val|15|u=pc}} radius of the cluster appears centrally condensed, while the area outside that volume is more dispersed. The youngest cluster members near the center have ages of less than two million years, and observations suggests the cluster is still engaged in high mass star formation. The cluster star formation rate is estimated at {{Val|4|1|e=−3|ul=solar mass}} yr−1.

Image Gallery

File:ESO-NGC346.jpg|Image of NGC 346 with a 30 arcminute wide field of view showing the wispy nebular structure around it.

File:Stellar sculptors in NGC 346 (heic2502a).jpg|NGC 346 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope

File:NASA’s Webb Telescope Will Provide Census of Fledgling Stars in Stellar Nursery (45376129965).jpg |JWST image of star formation in NGC 346

{{Table alignment}}

class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col7right col8right col9right col10right""

|+Prominent stars{{Cite journal|last1=Massey|first1=Philip|last2=Waterhouse|first2=Elizabeth|last3=DeGioia-Eastwood|first3=Kathleen|author3-link=Kathy Eastwood|date=May 2000|title=The Progenitor Masses of Wolf–Rayet Stars and Luminous Blue Variables Determined from Cluster Turnoffs. I. Results from 19 OB Associations in the Magellanic Clouds|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=119|issue=5|pages=2214–2241|arxiv=astro-ph/0002233|bibcode=2000AJ....119.2214M|doi=10.1086/301345|issn=0004-6256|s2cid=16891188}}

!Walborn

!ELS

!MPG

!NMC

!SSN

!Spectral
type

!Effective
temperature (K)

!Absolute
magnitude

!Bolometric
magnitude

!Mass
({{solar mass|link=yes}})

|207758

|755
(HD 5980/AB5)

|

|

|LBV
WN4
OI

|45,000
45,000
34,000

|−7.1
(−8.1) −6.8
−6.7

|−11.135
−10.885
−9.885

|61
66
34

1

|

|435

|26

|7

|O5.5If

|43,400

| −6.7

| −10.7

|91

|1

|789

|

|5

|O7If

|38,900

| −7

| −10.7

|85

3

|

|355

|29

|9

|O3V

|51,300

| −5.7

| −10.3

|76

6

|7

|324

|32

|13

|O4V

|48,600

| −5.2

| −9.6

|54

4

|

|342

|30

|11

|O5.5V

|44,900

| −5.5

| −9.7

|53

|

|368

|28

|15

|O5.5V

|44,900

| −5

| −9.2

|43

2

|

|470

|25

|

|O8.5III

|35,700

| −5.4

| −8.9

|34

See also

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite simbad

| title=NGC 346

| access-date=2007-04-17}}

{{cite web

| url=https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc3.htm#346

| title=New General Catalogue objects: NGC 300–349

| last=Seligman | first=Courtney | website=cseligman.com

| access-date=2020-09-17 }}

{{cite journal

| title=An X-Ray Investigation of the NGC 346 Field in the Small Magellanic Cloud I. The Luminous Blue Variable HD 5980 and the NGC 346 Cluster

| last1=Nazé | first1=Y. | last2=Hartwell | first2=J. M.

| last3=Stevens | first3=I. R. | last4=Corcoran | first4=M. F.

| last5=Chu | first5=Y. -H. | last6=Koenigsberger | first6=G.

| last7=Moffat | first7=A. F. J. | last8=Niemela | first8=V. S.

| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=580 | issue=1 | pages=225–234 | date=November 2002

| arxiv=astro-ph/0208289 | bibcode=2002ApJ...580..225N

| doi=10.1086/343079 | s2cid=118907796 }}

{{cite journal

| title=Star formation rates from young-star counts and the structure of the ISM across the NGC 346/N66 complex in the SMC

| last1=Hony | first1=S. | last2=Gouliermis | first2=D. A.

| last3=Galliano | first3=F. | last4=Galametz | first4=M.

| last5=Cormier | first5=D. | last6=Chen | first6=C. -H. R.

| last7=Dib | first7=S. | last8=Hughes | first8=A.

| last9=Klessen | first9=R. S. | last10=Roman-Duval | first10=J.

| last11=Smith | first11=L. | last12=Bernard | first12=J. -P.

| last13=Bot | first13=C. | last14=Carlson | first14=L.

| last15=Gordon | first15=K. | last16=Indebetouw | first16=R.

| last17=Lebouteiller | first17=V. | last18=Lee | first18=M. -Y.

| last19=Madden | first19=S. C. | last20=Meixner | first20=M.

| last21=Oliveira | first21=J. | last22=Rubio | first22=M.

| last23=Sauvage | first23=M. | last24=Wu | first24=R.

| display-authors=1 | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

| volume=448 | issue=2 | pages=1847–1862 | date=April 2015

| arxiv=1501.03634 | bibcode=2015MNRAS.448.1847H

| doi=10.1093/mnras/stv107 | doi-access=free }}

{{cite journal

| title=A census of massive stars in NGC 346. Stellar parameters and rotational velocities

| display-authors=1 | last1=Dufton | first1=P. L.

| last2=Evans | first2=C. J. | last3=Hunter | first3=I.

| last4=Lennon | first4=D. J. | last5=Schneider | first5=F. R. N.

| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics

| volume=626 | id=A50 | pages=28 | date=June 2019

| arxiv=1905.03359 | bibcode=2019A&A...626A..50D

| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201935415 | s2cid=148571638 }}

{{cite journal

| title=Massive young stellar objects in the N 66/NGC 346 region of the SMC

| display-authors=1 | last1=Rubio | first1=M.

| last2=Barbá | first2=R. H. | last3=Kalari | first3=V. M.

| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics

| volume=615 | id=A121 | pages=9 | date=July 2018

| arxiv=1803.10833 | bibcode=2018A&A...615A.121R

| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201730487 | s2cid=119190580 }}

{{cite journal

| title=The NGC 346 massive star census. Nitrogen abundances for apparently single, narrow lined, hydrogen core burning B-type stars

| last1=Dufton | first1=P. L. | last2=Evans | first2=C. J.

| last3=Lennon | first3=D. J. | last4=Hunter | first4=I.

| display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics

| volume=634 | id=A6 | pages=15 | date=February 2020

| arxiv=1912.07539 | bibcode=2020A&A...634A...6D

| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201936921 | s2cid=209376523 }}

{{cite journal

| title=The XMM-Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud: The X-ray point-source catalogue

| display-authors=1 | last1=Sturm | first1=R.

| last2=Haberl | first2=F. | last3=Pietsch | first3=W.

| last4=Ballet | first4=J. | last5=Hatzidimitriou | first5=D.

| last6=Buckley | first6=D. A. H. | last7=Coe | first7=M.

| last8=Ehle | first8=M. | last9=Filipović | first9=M. D.

| last10=La Palombara | first10=N. | last11=Tiengo | first11=A.

| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics

| volume=558 | id=A3 | pages=31 | date=October 2013

| arxiv=1307.7594 | bibcode=2013A&A...558A...3S

| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219935 | s2cid=118620464 }}

{{cite web

| title=Hubble Heritage Site

| work=Results for NGC 346

| url=http://heritage.stsci.edu/2005/35/fast_facts.html

| access-date=2007-04-03 }}

}}

External links

  • {{commons category-inline}}
  • [http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMLKL4N0MF_index_0.html ESA']
  • [http://heritage.stsci.edu/2005/35/fast_facts.html Hubble Heritage site Hubble picture and information on NGC 346]
  • [http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1008/ ESO Beautiful Image of a Cosmic Sculpture]
  • {{APOD |date=28 September 2008|title=Young Stars of NGC 346}}
  • {{APOD |date=17 October 2010|title=NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud}}

{{Ngc5}}

{{Tucana}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 346}}

Category:Open clusters

Category:H II regions

Category:Star-forming regions

Category:Small Magellanic Cloud

Category:Tucana

0346

18260801

Category:Discoveries by James Dunlop