NGC 4214
{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici}}
{{Infobox Galaxy
| name = NGC 4214
| image = NGC 4214.jpg
| caption = NGC 4214 in Optical and near-infrared, imaged by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3
| epoch = J2000
| type = IAB(s)m{{cite web
| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
| work=Results for NGC 4214
| url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=ngc+4214
| access-date=2007-03-30}}
| dist_ly = {{convert|2.979 ± 0.252|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}
| h_radial_v = {{val|291|1|u=km/s}}
| size_v = 8.4{{prime}} × 6.6{{prime}}
| size = ~{{convert|9.53|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated)
| constellation name = Canes Venatici
| notes =
| names = {{odlist | NGC= 4228 | CGCG= 187-32 | IRAS= 12131+3636 | name= KUG 1213+366 | MCG= 6-27-42 |UGC= 7278 | PGC= 39225}}
}}
NGC 4214 is a dwarf barred irregular galaxy located around 10 million light-years{{cite web|title=Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1109/|work=ESA/Hubble Photo Release|publisher=ESA/Hubble|access-date=12 May 2011}} away in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered on 28 April 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.{{cite web | url = https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc42.htm#4214 | title = New General Catalogue Objects: NGC{{nbsp}}4214 | last = Seligman | first = Courtney | website = Celestial Atlas | access-date = 31 August 2024 }} NGC 4214 is a member of the M94 Group.
Characteristics
NGC 4214 is both larger and brighter than the Small Magellanic Cloud{{cite journal
| author=Karachentsev, Igor D. | author2=Karachentseva, Valentina E. | author3=Huchtmeier, Walter K. | author4=Makarov, Dmitry I.
| title=A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| date=2003
| volume=127
| issue=4
| pages=2031–2068
| bibcode=2004AJ....127.2031K
| doi=10.1086/382905| doi-access=free
}} as well as a starburst galaxy, with the largest star-forming regions (NGC 4214-I and NGC 4214-II) in the galaxy's center. Of the two, NGC 4214-I contains a super star cluster rich in Wolf–Rayet stars and NGC 4214-II is younger (age less than 3 million years), including a number of star clusters and stellar associations.{{cite journal
| author=Ubeda, L. | author2=Maíz-Apellániz, J. | author3=MacKenty, J. W.
| title=Massive Young Star Clusters in NGC 4214
| journal=The Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, ASP Conference Series |editor=H.J.G.L.M. Lamers |editor2=L.J. Smith |editor3=A. Nota|editor3-link=Antonella Nota | date=2004
| volume=322
| pages=221
| bibcode=2004ASPC..322..221U
}}
NGC 4214 also has two older super star clusters, both with an age of 200 million years and respective masses of {{val|2.6|e=5}} and {{val|1.5|e=6}} solar masses.{{cite journal
| author=Larsen, Søren S. | author2=Brodie, Jean P. | author3=Hunter, Deidre A. |author-link3=Deidre Hunter
| title=Dynamical Mass Estimates for Five Young Massive Stellar Clusters
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| date=2004
| volume=128
| issue=5
| pages=2295–2305
| bibcode=2004AJ....128.2295L
| doi=10.1086/424538|arxiv = astro-ph/0407373 | s2cid=36220968 }}
Two satellites are known to exist around the vicinity of NGC 4214. One is DDO 113, which has an absolute V-band magnitude of −12.2. It stopped star formation around 1 billion years ago. Another, more recently discovered object is MADCASH-2, officially named MADCASH J121007+352635-dw. The name refers to the MADCASH (Magellanic Analog Dwarf Companions and Stellar Halos) project. It is similar to typical ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, with an absolute V-band magnitude of −9.15, except in that it shows evidence of multiple episodes of star formation in its recent past: one around 400 million years ago, and another 1.5 billion years ago.{{cite journal|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/abe040|arxiv=2012.09174|bibcode=2021ApJ...909..211C|title=Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Two Faint Dwarf Satellites of Nearby LMC Analogs from MADCASH|year=2021|last1=Carlin|first1=Jeffrey L.|last2=Mutlu-Pakdil|first2=Burçin|last3=Crnojević|first3=Denija|last4=Garling|first4=Christopher T.|last5=Karunakaran|first5=Ananthan|last6=Peter|first6=Annika H. G.|last7=Tollerud|first7=Erik|last8=Forbes|first8=Duncan A.|last9=Hargis|first9=Jonathan R.|last10=Lim|first10=Sungsoon|last11=Romanowsky|first11=Aaron J.|last12=Sand|first12=David J.|last13=Spekkens|first13=Kristine|author13-link=Kristine Spekkens|last14=Strader|first14=Jay|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=909|issue=2|page=211|s2cid=229297953 |doi-access=free }}
One supernova has been observed in NGC 4214: SN 1954A (type Ib, mag. 9.8) was discovered by Paul Wild on 30 May 1954.{{cite web
| url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/IAUCs/IAUC1453.jpg
| title = Circular No. 1453
| last = Hansen
| first = Julie M. Vinter
| date = 4 June 1954
| website = Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
| publisher = Observatory Copenhagen
| access-date = 27 November 2024
}} [Note: some sources incorrectly list the discovery date as 10 April 1954.]{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1954A | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1954A | publisher = IAU | access-date=27 November 2024}} In addition, the galaxy has hosted one luminous blue variable: SN 2010U (type LBV, mag. 16) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 5 February 2010.{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2010U | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2010U | publisher = IAU | access-date=27 November 2024}}{{cite journal | bibcode=2010CBET.2163....1M | title=Supernova 2010U in NGC 4214 | last1=Marion | first1=G. H. | last2=Vinko | first2=J. | last3=Wheeler | first3=J. C. | last4=Shetrone | first4=M. | journal=Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams | date=2010 | issue=2163 | page=1}}
See also
- NGC 4236 – a similar irregular galaxy
- List of NGC objects (4001–5000)
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{commonscat-inline|NGC 4214}}
- [http://heritage.stsci.edu/2000/01/fast_facts.html Hubble Heritage site: Detailed information on the HST picture of 4214]
- [http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1109/ Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory] ESA/Hubble photo release
{{Ngc45}}
{{Canes Venatici}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 4214}}
Category:Barred irregular galaxies