NGC 4328

{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices}}

{{Infobox Galaxy

| name = NGC 4328

| image = File:NGC4328 - SDSS DR14.jpg

| image_size = 250px

| caption = SDSS image of NGC 4328.

| constellation name = Coma Berenices

| epoch = J2000

| type = dE1 N,SA0-{{cite web

| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database

| work=Results for NGC 4328

| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/

| access-date=2024-06-22}}

| ra = {{RA|12|23|20.0}}

| dec = {{DEC|15|49|13}}

| dist_ly = {{convert|14.84|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}

| z = 0.001616

| h_radial_v = 484 km/s

| mass = 2.7{{e|9}} (Stellar mass)/5.6{{e|9}} (Total Mass){{Cite journal |last1=Ivkovich |first1=Nina |last2=McCall |first2=Marshall L. |date=2019-06-01 |title=Denuded dwarfs demystified: gas loss from dSph progenitors and implications for the minimum mass of galaxies |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=486 |issue=2 |pages=1964–1984 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stz895 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1903.10141 |bibcode=2019MNRAS.486.1964I |issn=0035-8711}}

| appmag_v = 14.3

| size_v = 1.22 × 0.98

| names = PGC 040209, VCC 0634, MCG +03-32-019

|group_cluster=Virgo Cluster (A subgroup)

|size=~{{convert|9.81|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated)}}

NGC 4328 is a nucleated dwarf elliptical{{Cite journal |last=Malin |first=D. |date=1992-01-01 |title=New colour images of dwarf galaxies. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PASA...10...84M |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=84 |bibcode=1992PASA...10...84M |issn=0066-9997}}{{Cite journal |last1=Conselice |first1=Christopher J. |last2=Gallagher |first2=John S., III |last3=Wyse |first3=Rosemary F. G. |date=2001-10-01 |title=Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. I. Dynamics and the Origin of Low-Mass Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001ApJ...559..791C |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=559 |issue=2 |pages=791–811 |doi=10.1086/322373 |arxiv=astro-ph/0105492 |bibcode=2001ApJ...559..791C |issn=0004-637X}}{{Cite journal |last=Chilingarian |first=Igor V. |date=2009-04-01 |title=Evolution of dwarf early-type galaxies - I. Spatially resolved stellar populations and internal kinematics of Virgo cluster dE/dS0 galaxies |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=394 |issue=3 |pages=1229–1248 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14450.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=0812.3272 |bibcode=2009MNRAS.394.1229C |issn=0035-8711}} or lenticular galaxy{{Cite journal |last1=Buta |first1=Ronald J. |last2=Sheth |first2=Kartik |last3=Athanassoula |first3=E. |last4=Bosma |first4=A. |last5=Knapen |first5=Johan H. |last6=Laurikainen |first6=Eija |last7=Salo |first7=Heikki |last8=Elmegreen |first8=Debra |last9=Ho |first9=Luis C. |last10=Zaritsky |first10=Dennis |last11=Courtois |first11=Helene |last12=Hinz |first12=Joannah L. |last13=Muñoz-Mateos |first13=Juan-Carlos |last14=Kim |first14=Taehyun |last15=Regan |first15=Michael W. |date=2015-04-24 |title=A CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GALAXIES IN THE SPITZER SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S ⁴ G) |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/32 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=217 |issue=2 |pages=32 |doi=10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/32 |arxiv=1501.00454 |bibcode=2015ApJS..217...32B |hdl=1887/48507 |issn=1538-4365}}{{Cite web |title=Your NED Search Results |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+4328&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}} located about 48 million light-years away based on observations by the Hubble Space Telescope using the TRGB distance indicator.{{Cite journal |last1=Anand |first1=Gagandeep S. |last2=Lee |first2=Janice C. |last3=Van Dyk |first3=Schuyler D. |last4=Leroy |first4=Adam K. |last5=Rosolowsky |first5=Erik |last6=Schinnerer |first6=Eva |last7=Larson |first7=Kirsten |last8=Kourkchi |first8=Ehsan |last9=Kreckel |first9=Kathryn |last10=Scheuermann |first10=Fabian |last11=Rizzi |first11=Luca |last12=Thilker |first12=David |last13=Tully |first13=R. Brent |last14=Bigiel |first14=Frank |last15=Blanc |first15=Guillermo A. |date=2021-03-01 |title=Distances to PHANGS galaxies: New tip of the red giant branch measurements and adopted distances |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=501 |issue=3 |pages=3621–3639 |doi=10.1093/mnras/staa3668 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2012.00757 |bibcode=2021MNRAS.501.3621A |issn=0035-8711}} NGC 4328 was discovered on March 21, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel{{Cite web |title=New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4300 - 4349 |url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc43.htm#4328 |access-date=2017-08-28 |website=cseligman.com |language=en-US}} and is a member of the Virgo Cluster{{Cite journal |last1=Boselli |first1=A. |last2=Gavazzi |first2=G. |date=April 2002 |title=H α surface photometry of galaxies in the Virgo cluster: II. Observations with the OHP and Calar Alto 1.2 m telescopes |url=http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20020215 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=386 |issue=1 |pages=124–133 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20020215 |bibcode=2002A&A...386..124B |issn=0004-6361}}{{Cite web |title=Detailed Object Classifications |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/NEDatt?objname=NGC+4328 |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}} in the "A'' subgroup. On the sky, NGC 4328 is located in the constellation Coma Berenices.

NGC 4328 is a companion of Messier 100, along with NGC 4323 and lies {{convert|24|kpc|ly|abbr=off|lk=out|order=flip}} from Messier 100.{{Cite journal |last1=Hernandez |first1=Olivier |last2=Wozniak |first2=Herve |last3=Carignan |first3=Claude |last4=Amram |first4=Philippe |last5=Chemin |first5=Laurent |last6=Daigle |first6=Olivier |date=2005-10-10 |title=On the Relevance of the Tremaine-Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321) |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=632 |issue=1 |pages=253–265 |arxiv=astro-ph/0505384 |bibcode=2005ApJ...632..253H |doi=10.1086/431964 |issn=0004-637X |doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal |last1=Urrejola-Mora |first1=Catalina |last2=Gómez |first2=Facundo A. |last3=Torres-Flores |first3=Sergio |last4=Amram |first4=Philippe |last5=Epinat |first5=Benoît |last6=Monachesi |first6=Antonela |last7=Marinacci |first7=Federico |last8=de Oliveira |first8=Claudia Mendes |date=2022-08-01 |title=WiNDS: An H α Kinematics Survey of Nearby Spiral Galaxies—Vertical Perturbations in Nearby Disk-type Galaxies |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=935 |issue=1 |pages=20 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac78ec |doi-access=free |issn=0004-637X|arxiv=2206.10051 }} A possible passage of NGC 4328 close to Messier 100, may explain the lopsidedness in the southwestern portion of Messier 100. However, there are no strong signs of interactions in the H I distribution of Messier 100 which may be due to an interaction between the two galaxies. Despite this, rescent observations are too shallow to detect tidal streams in the H I distribution of Messier 100 caused by a possible interaction between the two galaxies.{{Cite journal |last1=Gim |first1=Hansung B. |last2=Borthakur |first2=Sanchayeeta |last3=Momjian |first3=Emmanuel |last4=Padave |first4=Mansi |last5=Jansen |first5=Rolf A. |last6=Nelson |first6=Dylan |last7=Heckman |first7=Timothy M. |last8=Kennicutt |first8=Robert C., Jr. |last9=Fox |first9=Andrew J. |last10=Pineda |first10=Jorge L. |last11=Thilker |first11=David |last12=Kauffmann |first12=Guinevere |last13=Tumlinson |first13=Jason |date=2021-11-01 |title=DIISC-I: The Discovery of Kinematically Anomalous H I Clouds in M 100 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=922 |issue=1 |pages=69 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac2303 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2109.06247 |bibcode=2021ApJ...922...69G |issn=0004-637X}}

NGC 4328 is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 6.1{{e|6}} solar masses.{{Cite journal |last1=Arzoumanian |first1=Zaven |last2=Baker |first2=Paul T. |last3=Brazier |first3=Adam |last4=Brook |first4=Paul R. |last5=Burke-Spolaor |first5=Sarah |last6=Becsy |first6=Bence |last7=Charisi |first7=Maria |last8=Chatterjee |first8=Shami |last9=Cordes |first9=James M. |last10=Cornish |first10=Neil J. |last11=Crawford |first11=Fronefield |last12=Cromartie |first12=H. Thankful |last13=DeCesar |first13=Megan E. |last14=Demorest |first14=Paul B. |last15=Dolch |first15=Timothy |date=2021-06-01 |title=The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxies within 500 Mpc |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=914 |issue=2 |pages=121 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/abfcd3 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2101.02716 |bibcode=2021ApJ...914..121A |issn=0004-637X}}