NGC 4402

{{Short description|Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}

{{Infobox galaxy

| name = NGC 4402

| image = NGC 4402 Hubble heic0911c.jpg

| caption = Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 4402

| epoch = J2000

| constellation name = Virgo

| ra = {{RA|12|26|07.566}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/498708 |last1=Skrutskie |first1=Michael F. |last2=Cutri |first2=Roc M. |last3=Stiening |first3=Rae |last4=Weinberg |first4=Martin D. |last5=Schneider |first5=Stephen E. |last6=Carpenter |first6=John M. |last7=Beichman |first7=Charles A. |last8=Capps |first8=Richard W. |last9=Chester |first9=Thomas |last10=Elias |first10=Jonathan H. |last11=Huchra |first11=John P. |last12=Liebert |first12=James W. |last13=Lonsdale |first13=Carol J. |last14=Monet |first14=David G. |last15=Price |first15=Stephan |last16=Seitzer |first16=Patrick |last17=Jarrett |first17=Thomas H. |last18=Kirkpatrick |first18=J. Davy |last19=Gizis |first19=John E. |last20=Howard |first20=Elizabeth V. |last21=Evans |first21=Tracey E. |last22=Fowler |first22=John W. |last23=Fullmer |first23=Linda |last24=Hurt |first24=Robert L. |last25=Light |first25=Robert M. |last26=Kopan |first26=Eugene L. |last27=Marsh |first27=Kenneth A. |last28=McCallon |first28=Howard L. |last29=Tam |first29=Robert |last30=Van Dyk |first30=Schuyler D. |last31=Wheelock |first31=Sherry L. |title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=1 February 2006 |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=1163–1183 |bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S |s2cid=18913331 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AJ....131.1163S/abstract |issn=0004-6256 |doi-access=free }}

| dec = {{DEC|+13|06|46.06}}

| z = 0.000774

| h_radial_v = 232{{cite web|url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=NGC+4402&extend=no&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES|title=NED results for object NGC 4402|access-date=3 February 2017|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Infrared Processing and Analysis Center }}

| dist_ly = {{convert|14.833|+/-|4.098|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}

| group_cluster = Virgo Cluster

| type = (d)Sc{{cite simbad|title=NGC 4402|access-date 3 February 2017}}

| size = {{convert|55000|ly|pc|abbr=on|lk=on}}{{cite web|url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc44.htm#4402|title=New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4400 – 4449|author=Courtney Seligman|access-date=3 February 2017}}

| appmag_b = 12.55

| size_v = 2.967' × 0.593'

| notes = Edge-on spiral galaxy near Markarian's Chain

| names = UGC 7528, MCG+02-32-044, PGC 40644, VCC 873

}}

NGC 4402 is a relatively near, edge-on spiral galaxy located around 50 million light-years from Earth. It is in the constellation of Virgo within the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It can be seen when viewing Markarian's Chain.

NGC 4402 is roughly 55 thousand light-years wide and is moving away from Earth at around 232 kilometers per second. It is falling into the Virgo galaxy cluster. Images show evidence that the material it once contained to enable it to form stars has been stripped away in a process known as "ram-pressure stripping". This is due to NGC 4402's cooler gasses being struck by hot x-ray gasses coming from the middle of the Virgo galaxy cluster as it moves toward it. The evidence is as follows:{{cite web|url=http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0863.html|title=National Optical Astronomy Observatory|work=noao.edu|access-date=4 October 2015|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107060333/https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0863.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-spiral-galaxy-ngc-4402/|title=NGC 4402, an edge-on spiral galaxy in Virgo – Anne's Astronomy News|work=annesastronomynews.com|access-date=4 October 2015|date=2013-04-15}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.noao.edu/outreach/press/pr04/pr0406.html|title=NOAO Press Release 04-06: Galaxy Cleaned Out by Encounter with Hot Cluster Gas|work=noao.edu|access-date=4 October 2015|archive-date=6 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006062550/http://www.noao.edu/outreach/press/pr04/pr0406.html|url-status=dead}}

• There is apparent truncation of the NGC 4402's dust disk.
• An upward bowing of the dusty disk is apparent. This is caused by a wind of hot gas.
• Light coming from the far side of the stellar disk appears dim and reddish. This may be because pressure coming from the cluster gas is being forced between the disk and the observer.
• The bottom part of the main disk shows dust in the form of linear filaments. These are being ablated in a characteristic "outside-in" manner.

NGC 4402 will likely transition into a jellyfish galaxy as it falls further towards the center of the galaxy cluster. GALEX observations of the galaxy do not appear to show trailing gas, dust and star formation streamers extending from the disc, indicating that the galaxy has likely begun to feel the effects of the ram pressure stripping only recently. NGC 4402 will likely lose a significant fraction of its star formation material to this process, rendering it an anemic galaxy.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4402 : SN 1976B (type unknown, mag. 16.5) was discovered by Miklós Lovas on 28 February 1976.{{cite journal | bibcode = 1976IAUC.2935....1S | title = Supernova in NGC 4402 | last1 = Szeidl | first1 = B. | last2 = Lovas | first2 = M. | journal = International Astronomical Union Circular | date = 1976 | issue = 2935 | page = 1 }}{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1976B | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1976B | publisher = IAU | access-date=3 December 2024}}