NOX4

Oxygen sensing is essential for homeostasis in all aerobic organisms. A phagocyte-type oxidase, similar to that responsible for the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophil granulocytes, with resultant antimicrobial activity, has been postulated to function in the kidney as an oxygen sensor that regulates the synthesis of erythropoietin in the renal cortex.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: NOX4 NADPH oxidase 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=50507| accessdate = }}

Nox4 protects the vasculature against inflammatory stress.{{cite journal | vauthors = Schröder K, Zhang M, Benkhoff S, Mieth A, Pliquett R, Kosowski J, Kruse C, Luedike P, Michaelis UR, Weissmann N, Dimmeler S, Shah AM, Brandes RP | title = Nox4 is a protective reactive oxygen species generating vascular NADPH oxidase | journal = Circ. Res. | volume = 110 | issue = 9 | pages = 1217–25 |date=April 2012 | pmid = 22456182 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.267054 | doi-access = free }} Nox-dependent reactive oxygen species modulation by amino endoperoxides can induce apoptosis in high Nox4-expressing cancer cells.{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhu P, Tong BM, Wang R, Chen JP, Foo S, Chong HC, Wang XL, Ang GY, Chiba S, Tan NS | title = Nox4-dependent ROS modulation by amino endoperoxides to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. | journal = Cell Death Dis. | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = e552 |date=March 2013 | pmid = 23519121 | doi = 10.1038/cddis.2013.68 | pmc=3615744}}

A study found that NOX4 facilitates certain beneficial adaptive responses to exercise mediated by ROS. Moreover, reductions in skeletal muscle NOX4 in aging and obesity was shown to contribute to the development of insulin resistance and may promote oxidative stress.{{cite journal |last1=Xirouchaki |first1=Chrysovalantou E. |last2=Jia |first2=Yaoyao |last3=McGrath |first3=Meagan J. |last4=Greatorex |first4=Spencer |last5=Tran |first5=Melanie |last6=Merry |first6=Troy L. |last7=Hong |first7=Dawn |last8=Eramo |first8=Matthew J. |last9=Broome |first9=Sophie C. |last10=Woodhead |first10=Jonathan S. T. |last11=D’souza |first11=Randall F. |last12=Gallagher |first12=Jenny |last13=Salimova |first13=Ekaterina |last14=Huang |first14=Cheng |last15=Schittenhelm |first15=Ralf B. |last16=Sadoshima |first16=Junichi |last17=Watt |first17=Matthew J. |last18=Mitchell |first18=Christina A. |last19=Tiganis |first19=Tony |title=Skeletal muscle NOX4 is required for adaptive responses that prevent insulin resistance |journal=Science Advances |date=December 2021 |volume=7 |issue=51 |pages=eabl4988 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abl4988 |pmid=34910515 |pmc=8673768 |bibcode=2021SciA....7L4988X |language=EN}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin | 2}}

• {{cite journal |vauthors=Lachgar A, Sojic N, Arbault S, etal |title=Amplification of the inflammatory cellular redox state by human immunodeficiency virus type 1-immunosuppressive tat and gp160 proteins. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=73 |issue= 2 |pages= 1447–52 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9882350 |doi= 10.1128/JVI.73.2.1447-1452.1999| pmc=103969 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Geiszt M, Kopp JB, Várnai P, Leto TL |title=Identification of renox, an NAD(P)H oxidase in kidney. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 14 |pages= 8010–4 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10869423 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.130135897 | pmc=16661 |bibcode=2000PNAS...97.8010G |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Shiose A, Kuroda J, Tsuruya K, etal |title=A novel superoxide-producing NAD(P)H oxidase in kidney. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 2 |pages= 1417–23 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11032835 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M007597200 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Cheng G, Cao Z, Xu X, etal |title=Homologs of gp91phox: cloning and tissue expression of Nox3, Nox4, and Nox5. |journal=Gene |volume=269 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 131–40 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11376945 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00449-8 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Brar SS, Kennedy TP, Sturrock AB, etal |title=An NAD(P)H oxidase regulates growth and transcription in melanoma cells |journal=Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. |volume=282 |issue= 6 |pages= C1212–24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11997235 |doi= 10.1152/ajpcell.00496.2001 |s2cid=25900754 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Kalinina N, Agrotis A, Tararak E, etal |title=Cytochrome b558-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase-phox units in smooth muscle and macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 12 |pages= 2037–43 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12482831 |doi=10.1161/01.ATV.0000040222.02255.0F |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Hilenski LL, Clempus RE, Quinn MT, etal |title=Distinct subcellular localizations of Nox1 and Nox4 in vascular smooth muscle cells |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 4 |pages= 677–83 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14670934 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000112024.13727.2c |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Mahadev K, Motoshima H, Wu X, etal |title=The NAD(P)H oxidase homolog Nox4 modulates insulin-stimulated generation of H2O2 and plays an integral role in insulin signal transduction |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 5 |pages= 1844–54 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14966267 |doi=10.1128/MCB.24.5.1844-1854.2004 | pmc=350558 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Chamulitrat W, Stremmel W, Kawahara T, etal |title=A constitutive NADPH oxidase-like system containing gp91phox homologs in human keratinocytes |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=122 |issue= 4 |pages= 1000–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15102091 |doi= 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22410.x |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Vaquero EC, Edderkaoui M, Pandol SJ, etal |title=Reactive oxygen species produced by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibit apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 33 |pages= 34643–54 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15155719 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M400078200 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Schwarzer C, Machen TE, Illek B, Fischer H |title=NADPH oxidase-dependent acid production in airway epithelial cells |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 35 |pages= 36454–61 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15210697 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M404983200 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Guzik TJ, Sadowski J, Kapelak B, etal |title=Systemic regulation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase activity and nox isoform expression in human arteries and veins |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 9 |pages= 1614–20 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15256399 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000139011.94634.9d |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Ambasta RK, Kumar P, Griendling KK, etal |title=Direct interaction of the novel Nox proteins with p22phox is required for the formation of a functionally active NADPH oxidase |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 44 |pages= 45935–41 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15322091 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M406486200 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Park HS, Jung HY, Park EY, etal |title=Cutting edge: direct interaction of TLR4 with NAD(P)H oxidase 4 isozyme is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced production of reactive oxygen species and activation of NF-kappa B |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=173 |issue= 6 |pages= 3589–93 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15356101 |doi= 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3589|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Jana A, Pahan K |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 induces apoptosis in human primary neurons through redox-regulated activation of neutral sphingomyelinase |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=24 |issue= 43 |pages= 9531–40 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15509740 |doi= 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3085-04.2004 | pmc=1955476 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Pedruzzi E, Guichard C, Ollivier V, etal |title=NAD(P)H oxidase Nox-4 mediates 7-ketocholesterol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in human aortic smooth muscle cells |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 24 |pages= 10703–17 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15572675 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.24.24.10703-10717.2004 | pmc=533993 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Djordjevic T, BelAiba RS, Bonello S, etal |title=Human urotensin II is a novel activator of NADPH oxidase in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=25 |issue= 3 |pages= 519–25 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15618545 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000154279.98244.eb |doi-access= free }}

{{refend}}

{{gene-11-stub}}