NS1 antigen test
{{Short description|Test for dengue fever}}
{{Infobox diagnostic
| Name = NS1 antigen test
| Image = Japanese encephalitis virus NS5 Protein.ogv
| Caption = Crystal structure of the dengue virus, which causes dengue fever
| ICD10 = A90
| MeshID =
| OPS301 =
| LOINC = {{LOINC|75377-2}}
| OtherCodes = |
}}
NS1 antigen test (nonstructural protein 1) is a test for dengue, introduced in 2006. It allows rapid detection on the first day of fever, before antibodies appear some 5 or more days later.{{Cite web|url=http://www.selectscience.net/product-news/bio-rad-launches-test-for-early-diagnosis-of-the-dengue-virus/?artID=9997|title=Bio-Rad Launches Test for Early Diagnosis of the Dengue Virus | SelectScience|website=www.selectscience.net}} It has been adopted for use in some 40 nations. The method of detection is through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. India has introduced in 2010 the NS1 test costing 1,600 rupees at a private hospital in Mumbai.{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Now-get-dengue-test-results-in-just-48-hours/articleshow/6568507.cms |title= Now, get dengue test results in just 48 hours|last=Debroy |first=Sumitra |date= September 16, 2010|website=The Times of India }}
Medical use
The medical use of the NS1 antigen test can be defined to diagnose dengue infections and is effective to 1st day detection. Additionally, NS1 assay is useful for differential diagnostics in regards to flaviviruses.{{Cite web|title = CDC - Laboratory Guidance - Dengue|url = https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/clinicalLab/laboratory.html|website = www.cdc.gov|access-date = 2015-12-01}}
NS1 is present in the serum of infected persons directly at the onset of clinical symptoms in primary dengue infection and produces a strong humoral response. It is detectable before the appearance of IgM antibodies.{{cite journal | vauthors = Amorim JH, Alves RP, Boscardin SB, Ferreira LC | title = The dengue virus non-structural 1 protein: risks and benefits | journal = Virus Research | volume = 181 | pages = 53–60 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24434336 | doi = 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.01.001 }}
DENV by NS1 antigen is laboratory confirmation of dengue in people also assessing clinical aspects (as well as, taking into account where the individual may have traveled recently).{{Cite web|title = Dengue - Chapter 3 - 2016 Yellow Book {{!}} Travelers' Health {{!}} CDC|url = http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/dengue|website = wwwnc.cdc.gov|access-date = 2015-12-01}} Serological tests such as an immunoglobulin M antibody capture–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and viral RNA detection by reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) can also be used to diagnose dengue fever.{{cite journal | vauthors = Narayan R, Raja S, Kumar S, Sambasivam M, Jagadeesan R, Arunagiri K, Krishnasamy K, Palani G | title = A novel indirect ELISA for diagnosis of dengue fever | journal = The Indian Journal of Medical Research | volume = 144 | issue = 1 | pages = 128–133 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27834337 | pmc = 5116886 | doi = 10.4103/0971-5916.193300 | doi-access = free }}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
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- {{cite journal|last1=Peeling|first1=Rosanna W.|last2=Artsob|first2=Harvey|last3=Pelegrino|first3=Jose Luis|last4=Buchy|first4=Philippe|last5=Cardosa|first5=Mary J.|last6=Devi|first6=Shamala|last7=Enria|first7=Delia A.|last8=Farrar|first8=Jeremy|last9=Gubler|first9=Duane J.|last10=Guzman|first10=Maria G.|last11=Halstead|first11=Scott B.|last12=Hunsperger|first12=Elizabeth|last13=Kliks|first13=Susie|last14=Margolis|first14=Harold S.|last15=Nathanson|first15=Carl M.|last16=Nguyen|first16=Vinh Chau|last17=Rizzo|first17=Nidia|last18=Vázquez|first18=Susana|last19=Yoksan|first19=Sutee|title=Evaluation of diagnostic tests: dengue|journal=Nature Reviews Microbiology|date=1 December 2010|volume=8|issue=12 Suppl|pages=S30–S37|doi=10.1038/nrmicro2459|pmid=21548185|language=en|doi-access=free}}
- {{cite web|title=The Importance of Accurate Diagnosis of Dengue Fever|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/756315_2|website=www.medscape.com|publisher=Medscape|access-date=26 July 2016}}
- {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-10-142| pmid = 20509940| title = Comparison of two dengue NS1 rapid tests for sensitivity, specificity and relationship to viraemia and antibody responses| journal = BMC Infectious Diseases| volume = 10| pages = 142| year = 2010| last1 = Tricou | first1 = V. | last2 = Vu | first2 = H. T. | last3 = Quynh | first3 = N. V. | last4 = Nguyen | first4 = C. V. | last5 = Tran | first5 = H. T. | last6 = Farrar | first6 = J. | last7 = Wills | first7 = B. | last8 = Simmons | first8 = C. P. | pmc = 2895602| doi-access = free}}
- {{Cite journal|title = Evaluation of Dengue NS1 Antigen Rapid Tests and ELISA Kits Using Clinical Samples|journal = PLOS ONE|date = 2014-11-20|issn = 1932-6203|pmc = 4239072|pmid = 25412170|volume = 9|issue = 11|pages = e113411|doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0113411|bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9k3411P|first1 = Subhamoy|last1 = Pal|first2 = Allison L.|last2 = Dauner|first3 = Indrani|last3 = Mitra|first4 = Brett M.|last4 = Forshey|first5 = Paquita|last5 = Garcia|first6 = Amy C.|last6 = Morrison|first7 = Eric S.|last7 = Halsey|first8 = Tadeusz J.|last8 = Kochel|first9 = Shuenn-Jue L.|last9 = Wu|doi-access = free}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Paranavitane|first1=Shiran Ajith|last2=Gomes|first2=Laksiri|last3=Kamaladasa|first3=Achala|last4=Adikari|first4=Thiruni N|last5=Wickramasinghe|first5=Nilanka|last6=Jeewandara|first6=Chandima|last7=Shyamali|first7=Narangoda Liyanage Ajantha|last8=Ogg|first8=Graham Stuart|last9=Malavige|first9=Gathsaurie Neelika|title=Dengue NS1 antigen as a marker of severe clinical disease|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|date=31 October 2014|volume=14|issue=1|pages=570|doi=10.1186/s12879-014-0570-8|pmid=25366086|language=En|issn=1471-2334|pmc=4222370 |doi-access=free }}
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{{Scholia|topic}}
{{Infectious and inflammatory blood tests}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ns1 Antigen Test}}