Namecoin

A peer-to-peer network similar to handles Namecoin's transactions, balances and issuance through a based proof-of-work scheme (they are issued when a small enough hash value is found, at which point a block is created).

Each Namecoin record consists of a name and a value. Each name is actually a path, with the namespace preceding the name of the record. The key d/example signifies a record stored in the DNS namespace d with the name example and corresponds to the record for the example.bit website. The content of d/example is expected to conform to the DNS namespace specification. {{As of|2015}}, the fee for a record was 0.01 NMC and records expired after 36000 blocks (~200 days) unless updated or renewed.

.bit is a top-level domain, created outside the commonly used Domain Name System, and is not sanctioned by ICANN. The .bit domain is served via Namecoin infrastructure, which acts as a decentralized domain name system.

Proposed potential uses for Namecoin besides domain name registration include notary/timestamp systems.{{cite news | url=http://news.techworld.com/security/3449015/could-the-bitcoin-network-be-used-as-an-ultrasecure-notary-service/ | title=Could the Bitcoin network be used as an ultrasecure notary service? | work=Techworld | first=Jeremy | last=Kirk | date=2013-05-24 | access-date=2013-07-02 | archive-date=2014-10-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012031111/http://news.techworld.com/security/3449015/could-the-bitcoin-network-be-used-as-an-ultrasecure-notary-service/ | url-status=dead }}

In September 2010, a discussion was started in the BitcoinTalk forum about a hypothetical system called BitDNS and generalizing bitcoin. Gavin Andresen and Satoshi Nakamoto joined the discussion in the BitcoinTalk forum and supported the idea of BitDNS, and a reward for implementing BitDNS was announced on the forum in December 2010.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

On block 19200 Namecoin activated the merged mining upgrade to allow mining of Bitcoin and Namecoin simultaneously, instead of having to choose between one or the other; this fixed the issue of miners jumping from one blockchain to another when the profitability becomes favorable in the former.{{Cite web|url=https://repositum.tuwien.at/retrieve/10467|title=Merged Mining: Analysis of Effects and Implications|website=repositum.tuwien.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111230652/https://repositum.tuwien.at/retrieve/10467|url-status=live}}

Two years later, in June 2013, NameID was launched.{{cite web | url=https://forum.namecoin.info/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=1013 | first=Daniel | last=Kraft | title=NameID - Use namecoin id/ to log into OpenID sites | work=Namecoin Forum | date=2013-07-25 | access-date=2015-10-14 | archive-date=2015-05-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514121149/https://forum.namecoin.info/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=1013 | url-status=live }} NameID allows to associate profile information with identities on the Namecoin blockchain, and an OpenID provider to allow logging into existing websites with Namecoin identities. The main site itself is accompanied by an open protocol for password-less authentication with Namecoin identities, a corresponding free-software implementation and a supporting extension for Firefox.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

In October 2013, Michael Gronager, main developer of libcoin, found a security issue in the Namecoin protocol, which allowed modifying foreign names. It was successfully fixed in a short timeframe and was never exploited, except for bitcoin.bit as a proof-of-concept.bitcoin.bit name operation is in tx-id 2f034f2499c136a2c5a922ca4be65c1292815c753bbb100a2a26d5ad532c3919{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

Namecoin was also mentioned by ICANN in a public report as the most well-known example of distributing control and privacy in DNS.{{cite news | url=https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/iti-report-15may14-en.pdf | work=ICANN | title=The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Identifier Technology Innovation Report | date=2014-05-15 | access-date=2021-10-17 | archive-date=2021-12-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219212607/https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/iti-report-15may14-en.pdf | url-status=live }}

A 2015 study found that of the 120,000 domain names registered on Namecoin, only 28 were in use.{{cite journal |last1=Kalodner |first1=Harry |last2=Carlsten |first2=Miles |last3=Ellenbogen |first3=Paul |last4=Bonneau |first4=Joseph |last5=Narayanan |first5=Arvind |date=2015 |title=An empirical study of Namecoin and lessons for decentralized namespace design |url=https://econinfosec.org/archive/weis2015/papers/WEIS_2015_kalodner.pdf |journal=Workshop on the Economics of Information Security |citeseerx=10.1.1.698.4605 |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110174831/https://econinfosec.org/archive/weis2015/papers/WEIS_2015_kalodner.pdf |url-status=live }}

In December 2018, a proposal was tabled on the OpenNIC mailing list to drop support for Namecoin .bit domains.,{{Cite web|title=Should we have a vote on .bit ?|url=https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2018-12/msg00000.html|website=opennic-discuss|access-date=2021-03-02|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127162420/https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2018-12/msg00000.html|url-status=live}} citing Spamhaus' (and by extension other antivirus software) blocking of several of their servers owing to spread of malware from some .bit domains, as well as concerns about potential child pornography. The vote did not reach a consensus.{{Cite web|title=Vote to keep or drop peering with NameCoin|url=https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2019-06/msg00000.html|website=opennic-discuss|access-date=2021-03-02|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416164143/https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2019-06/msg00000.html|url-status=live}}

In the same month, OpenNIC was advised to drop support for .bit namespace owing to security concerns of Namecoin and PRISM Break developers.{{Cite web|title=Drop OpenNIC (!2073) · Merge Requests · PRISM Break / PRISM Break|url=https://gitlab.com/prism-break/prism-break/-/merge_requests/2073|access-date=2021-01-23|website=GitLab|date=19 December 2018|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128095318/https://gitlab.com/prism-break/prism-break/-/merge_requests/2073|url-status=live}}

In July 2019, OpenNIC again voted on dropping the .bit namespace, citing "numerous problems with support of NameCoin domains" and recent animosity between the two projects. The vote passed.{{Cite web|title=Should OpenNIC drop support for NameCoin [OpenNIC Wiki]|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/votings/drop_namecoin|access-date=2021-01-23|website=wiki.opennic.org|archive-date=2021-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029032715/https://wiki.opennic.org/votings/drop_namecoin|url-status=live}} Namecoin developer Jeremy Rand welcomed the move, thanking OpenNIC and describing it as the "right decision".{{Cite web|title=OpenNIC does the right thing: listens to security concerns and shuts down its centralized Namecoin inproxy|url=https://www.namecoin.org/2019/07/30/opennic-does-right-thing-shuts-down-centralized-inproxy.html|website=namecoin.org|access-date=2021-03-02|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324052212/https://www.namecoin.org/2019/07/30/opennic-does-right-thing-shuts-down-centralized-inproxy.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web | title=Namecoin : l'intégrité, mais à quel prix? | website=ZDNet France | date=2019-08-01 | url=https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/namecoin-l-integrite-mais-a-quel-prix-39888667.htm | language=fr | access-date=2021-11-27 | archive-date=2021-11-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123070620/https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/namecoin-l-integrite-mais-a-quel-prix-39888667.htm | url-status=live }}{{Cite web|title=What is Namecoin's relationship to OpenNIC?|url=https://www.namecoin.org/docs/faq/#what-is-namecoins-relationship-to-opennic|website=namecoin.org|access-date=2021-03-02|archive-date=2022-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726135618/https://www.namecoin.org/docs/faq/#what-is-namecoins-relationship-to-opennic|url-status=live}}

• Alternative DNS root
• Zooko's triangle
• Non-fungible token (a concept which Namecoin is sometimes considered a precursor of)

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category|Namecoin}}

• {{Official website|https://www.namecoin.org/}}

{{Cryptocurrencies|state=expanded}}

{{Portal bar|Anarchism|Economics|Free and open-source software|Internet|Numismatics}}

Category:Alternative Internet DNS services

Category:Cryptocurrency projects

Category:Domain Name System