Napoléon Louis Bonaparte

Napoléon Louis's brother, Napoléon Charles, died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became Prince Royal of Holland. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, Marie Louise, gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, who was styled the King of Rome and later the Duke of Reichstadt.

In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of Berg, a status he kept until 1813.

On 1 July 1810, Louis I of Holland abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.{{cite book|author=Foissy, M.|title=La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264|url=https://archive.org/details/lafamillebonapa00foisgoog|year=1830|publisher=Vergne|location=Paris|language=French|page=[https://archive.org/details/lafamillebonapa00foisgoog/page/n109 101]}} For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as Lodewijk II, King of Holland.

When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the Battle of Waterloo, the House of Bourbon was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the Napoleonic Empire.

On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, Charlotte, who was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the Carbonari, an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.

On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from measles, died in Forlì.{{Cite book |last=Bresler |first=Fenton |url=https://archive.org/details/napoleoniiilife0000fent |title=Napoleon III: a life |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-0025-5787-0|pages=94–95}} Eventually, the French Empire would be restored by Napoléon-Louis's younger brother, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who became Napoléon III in 1852.

Napoléon Louis is buried at Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, Île-de-France.

File:Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte, by François-Joseph Kinson.jpg|Portrait by François Kinson, {{circa|1810}}

File:Hector Viger - L'impératrice Joséphine reçoit à la Malmaison la visite du Tsar Alexandre Ier.jpg|With family and Emperor Alexander I of Russia at Château de Malmaison

File:Portrait of Louis Bonapart.jpg|Portrait with his father, Louis Bonaparte, by Jean-Baptiste Wicar

File:Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (1804-1831).jpg|Posthumous portrait, 1858

File:Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg

File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland

{{Commons category|Napoléon Louis Bonaparte}}

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{{s-hou|House of Bonaparte|11 October|1804|17 March|1831}}

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{{s-ttl|title=King of Holland |years=1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810 }}

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{{s-ttl|title=Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves|years=3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813}}

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{{Monarchs of the Netherlands}}

{{Monarchs of Berg}}

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Napoleon Louis Bonaparte

Napoleon Louis Bonaparte

Napoleon Louis Bonaparte

Category:Grand dukes of Berg and Cleves

Category:People from the Kingdom of Holland

Category:1804 births

Category:1831 deaths