Narikala
{{Short description|Ancient fortress overlooking Tbilisi, Georgia (country)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Narikala
| ensign =
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| native_name = ნარიყალა
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| location = Tbilisi
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| country = Georgia
| image = Tbilisi IMG 8846 1920.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Narikala, with parts of Old Town seen below
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| type = Fortress
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|41|16|N|44|48|31|E|region:GE_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title,inline}}
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| pushpin_map = Georgia Tbilisi#Georgia
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| elevation={{convert|383|m|ft|lk=on}}
| ownership =
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| open_to_public =Open
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| code =
| built = 4th Century
| used =
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| materials = Stones and Brick
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| fate =
| condition = Ruined
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{{Infobox designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Cultural Heritage Monument of Georgia
| designation1_offname = Narikala
| designation1_type =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date = {{start date and age|2007|10|01}}
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number = 4696
| designation1_free1name = Item Number in Cultural Heritage Portal
| designation1_free1value = [https://memkvidreoba.gov.ge/objects/immovable/immovableObject?id=3616 3616]
| designation1_free2name = Date of entry
in the registry
| designation1_free2value = {{start date and age|2007|10|11}}
| designation1_free3name = Accounting Card / Passport #
| designation1_free3value =010506503}}
}}
Narikala ({{lang-ka|ნარიყალა}}, {{IPA|ka|naɾiχʼaɫa|pron}}) is an ancient fortress overlooking Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, and the Mtkvari (Kura) River. The fortress consists of two walled sections on a steep hill between the sulfur baths and the botanical gardens of Tbilisi. On the lower court there is the recently restored St Nicholas church. Newly built in 1996–1997, it replaces the original 13th-century church that was destroyed in a fire. The new church is of "prescribed cross" type, having doors on three sides.[http://georgiaabout.com/2012/06/28/about-sights-narikala-fortress/ About Sights – Narikala Fortress] The internal part of the church is decorated with the frescos showing scenes from both the Bible and the history of Georgia.[http://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/narikala.htm Narikala Fortress in Tbilisi]
History
According to the legend, it was built by the king Vakhtang I Gorgasali of the ancient Kingdom of Iberia.
Archaeological studies of the region have, however, revealed that the territory of Tbilisi was settled by humans as early as the 4th millennium BC. The earliest written accounts of settlement of the location come from the second half of the 4th century AD, when a fortress was built during King Varaz-Bakur's reign (ca. 364).{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7TZDwAAQBAJ&q=Varaz-Bakur&pg=PA142|title = Military History of Late Rome 361–395|isbn = 9781473872240|last1 = Syvänne|first1 = Ilkka|date = 30 March 2014}} Towards the end of the 4th century, the fortress fell into the hands of the Persians, but was recaptured by the kings of Kartli by the middle of the 5th century.
{{Cite web|url=http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=25&t=755|title=Კალა - ქართლის ცხოვრების ტოპოარქეოლოგიური ლექსიკონი}}{{Cite book|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-503|isbn=978-0-19-866277-8|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity|chapter=Varaz-Bakur|date=22 March 2018|publisher=Oxford University Press}} It was considerably expanded by the Umayyads in the 7th century and by king David the Builder (1089–1125), respectively. The Mongols renamed it the "Narin Qala" (i.e., "Little Fortress"). Most of the extant fortifications date from the 16th and 17th centuries. Rostom, the Safavid-appointed vali/king of Kartli, fortified the surroundings of the fortress and transferred control of the fortress to the Iranians.{{cite book|last=Sanikidze|first=George|title=Safavid Persia in the Age of Empires, the Idea of Iran Vol. 10|date=2021|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-0755633807|editor-last=Melville|editor-first=Charles|location=|chapter=The Evolution of the Safavid Policy towards Eastern Georgia|page=387}} In 1827, parts of the fortress were damaged by an earthquake, and were subsequently demolished.
Gallery
Narikala fortress, Tbilisi, Georgia.jpg
Tbilisi, Narikala, Georgia.jpg
Narikala, Tiflis, Georgia, 2016-09-29, DD 91.jpg|View from the center of Tbilisi.
Narikala, Tiflis, Georgia, 2016-09-29, DD 45.jpg|Wall at the rear part of the fortress.
Kala, Tbilisi.JPG
Narikala Tbilisi 2019 2.jpg
Narika Tbilisi 2019 5.jpg
Narikala, Tiflis, Georgia, 2016-09-29, DD 148-150 HDR.jpg|View by night.
Iglesia de San Nicolás, Narikala, Tiflis, Georgia, 2016-09-29, DD 44.jpg|St Nicholas church.
Iglesia de San Nicolás, Narikala, Tiflis, Georgia, 2016-09-29, DD 79-81 HDR.jpg|Interior of St Nicholas church.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{YouTube|TfGuoX_AHuw|Narikala}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027033531/http://geocities.com/revaz2002/narikala/ Narikala on Geocities]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080609185823/http://www.world66.com/europe/georgia/tbilisi/sights/narikalafortress Narikala on World66]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721025925/http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=4420 Narikala on the official website of the City of Tbilisi]
Category:Buildings and structures in Tbilisi
Category:Castles and forts in Georgia (country)