Nasal alveolar click#Glottalized alveolar nasal click
{{Short description|Consonantal sound}}
{{Infobox IPA
|above={{nowrap|Nasal alveolar velar click}}
|ipa symbol=ŋ͡ǃ ŋ͡ʗ
|ipa symbol2=ᵑǃ ᵑʗ
|ipa symbol3=ǃ̃ ʗ̃
|kirshenbaum=n.! (n^!)Kirshenbaum assigns {{angbr|n^!}} indifferently to both alveolar and palatal clicks.
}}
{{Infobox IPA
|above={{nowrap|Nasal alveolar uvular click}}
|ipa symbol=ɴ͡ǃ ɴ͡ʗ
|ipa symbol2=ᶰǃ ᶰʗ
}}
{{main|Alveolar click|nasal click}}
The alveolar nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa.{{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Rachael-Anne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cGMAgAAQBAJ |title=Phonetics: A Coursebook |date=2012-01-26 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-50419-5 |language=en}}
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal alveolar click with a velar rear articulation is {{angbr IPA|ŋ͡ǃ}} or {{angbr IPA|ŋ͜ǃ}}, commonly abbreviated to {{angbr IPA|ŋǃ}}, {{angbr IPA|ᵑǃ}} or {{angbr IPA|ǃ̃}}; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is {{angbr IPA|ŋ͡ʗ}} or {{angbr IPA|ŋ͜ʗ}}, abbreviated {{angbr IPA|ŋʗ}}, {{angbr IPA|ᵑʗ}} or {{angbr IPA|ʗ̃}}. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are {{angbr IPA|ɴ͡ǃ, ɴ͜ǃ, ɴǃ, ᶰǃ}} and {{angbr IPA|ɴ͡ʗ, ɴ͜ʗ, ɴʗ, ᶰʗ}}.
Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. {{angbr IPA|ǃŋ}} or {{angbr IPA|ǃᵑ}}; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WD8aAQAAIAAJ |title=Afrika und Übersee |date=2005 |publisher=D. Reimer |pages=93–94 |language=en}}
Features
Features of the alveolar nasal click:
{{lingual airstream}}
{{alveolar}}
{{voiced}}
{{nasal}}
{{central articulation}}
Occurrence
Alveolar nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages such as Yeyi.{{Cite book |last=Sands |first=Bonny |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_P_DwAAQBAJ |title=Click Consonants |date=2020-09-25 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-42435-7 |language=en}}
class="wikitable"
! Language ! Word ! IPA ! Meaning |
ǃKung
| nǃan |align=center| {{IPA|[ᵑǃáŋ]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[ᵑʗáŋ]}} | 'inside' |
Damin
| n!2u |align=center| {{IPA|[ᵑǃᵑǃu]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[ᵑʗᵑʗu]}} |'water' |
Hadza
| henqee |align=center| {{IPA|[ɦeŋᵑǃeʔe]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[ɦeŋᵑʗeʔe]}} | 'dead leopard' |
Khoekhoe
| xuruǃomǃnâ |align=center| {{IPA|[xȕɾúᵑǃˀóm̀ᵑǃã̀ã̀]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[xȕɾúᵑʗˀóm̀ᵑʗã̀ã̀]}} | 'to yank at something' |
Zulu
| inqola |align=center| {{IPA|[iᵑǃɔ́ːla]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[iᵑʗɔ́ːla]}} | 'cart' |
Glottalized alveolar nasal click
{{Infobox IPA
|above= Glottalized
alveolar nasal click
|ipa symbol = ǃ̃ˀ
|ipa symbol2 = ᵑǃ͡ʔ
ᵑ̊ǃˀ
|ipa symbol3 = ʗ̃͡ʔ
|ipa symbol4 = ᵑʗˀ
|showbelow = no
}}
{{main|Glottalized click}}
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
class="wikitable"
! Language ! Word ! IPA ! Meaning |
Hadza
| teqqe |align=center| {{IPA|[teᵑǃˀe]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[teᵑʗˀe]}} | 'to carry' |
Khoekhoe
| xuruǃomǃnâ |align=center| {{IPA|[xȕɾúᵑǃˀóm̀ᵑǃã̀ã̀]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[xȕɾúᵑʗˀóm̀ᵑʗã̀ã̀]}} | 'to yank at something' |
Xhosa
| ukuqhankqalaza |align=center| {{IPA|[ukʼuᵏǃʰaᵑǃˀalaza]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[ukʼuᵏʗʰaᵑʗˀalaza]}} | 'to struggle' |
References
{{Reflist}}
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