National Education Mission
{{Short description|School education program in India}}
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File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi delevering the inaugural address at the Conclave on Transformational Reforms in Higher Education under NEP-2020 through video conferencing, in New Delhi on August 7.jpg related event in August 2020]]
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{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}The National Education Mission (Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan) is an overarching programme for the school education sector extending from pre-school to class 12, launched in 2018. It was allocated a budget of {{INRConvert|385.72|b}} in the 2019 Interim Union Budget of India. The stated mission comprises four schemes, namely Saakshar Bharat, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan and the Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Teacher Education (CSSTE).{{citation |title=Education Budget 2019 Highlights: How the education sector and job market will be affected |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/education-budget-2019-government-plans-to-spend-rs-38-572-cr-under-national-education-mission-1444310-2019-02-01 |work=India Today |date=1 February 2019 }} In 2021, the NIPUN Bharat Mission was launched as part of Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan,{{Cite web |title=All about ICT Scheme Under Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan |url=https://www.idreameducation.org/samagra-shiksha-ict-scheme-india |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.idreameducation.org |language=en}} teaching literacy and numeracy skills in universities by Grade 3.{{Cite web|title=Education Ministry launches NIPUN Bharat Mission|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/education-ministry-launches-nipun-bharat-mission/article35147248.ece|access-date=2021-08-08|website=@businessline|language=en}}
In the 2023–24 Union Budget presented on 1 February 2023, the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan allocated an amount of ₹37,453.47.{{Cite web |last= |title=Union Budget 2023: School education outlay rises by Rs 5,355 cr |url=https://news.careers360.com/education-budget-2023-school-samagra-shiksha-abhiyan-pm-poshan-nirmala-sitharaman |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=news.careers360.com |language=en}}
Saakshar Bharat
Saakshar Bharat is a government of India initiative launched by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to conduct teaching-learning programmes for the non-literate aged 15 and above. It was launched on 8 September 2009, as a centrally sponsored scheme.{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/09/stories/2009090950020100.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912035436/http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/09/stories/2009090950020100.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2009-09-12
|title = The Hindu news report
|access-date=2009-09-09
| location=Chennai, India
|work=The Hindu
|date=2009-09-09
}} It aims to recast India's National Literacy Mission to focus on the literacy of women.{{cite web
|url=http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-1-108050.html
|title = New Kerala
|access-date=2009-09-09
}} It is a scheme from the Department of School Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India. The National Literacy Mission covered 597 districts under the Total Literacy Campaign, 485 districts under the Post Literacy Programme and 328 districts under the Continuing Education Programme. The Saakshar Bharat Mission has chosen six villages for 'Model Adult Education Centers' under Lok Shiksha Samiti in the Karimnagar district, in Telangana state.{{cite web
|url=http://www.telanganastateinfo.com/saakshar-bharat-mission-selected-6-villages-in-telangana/
|title = Saakshar Bharat Mission selected 6 villages in Telangana
|access-date=2015-02-07
}}
The National Literacy Mission (NLM) is a nationwide program started by the Government of India in 1988 with the approval of the Cabinet as an independent and autonomous wing of the Ministry of HRD (the then Department of Education). Its stated aim is to educate 80 million adults in the age group of 15–35 over an eighty-year period.
National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy Bharat
File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addressing a Conclave on“School Education in 21st Century” under the National Education Policy 2020, through video conference, in New Delhi on September 11, 2020.jpgThe Ministry of Education has launched a National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat), with the stated goals that all Indians attain foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) by the end of Grade 3 by 2026–27.{{Cite web |title=Nipun Bharat Scheme |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1807639 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=pib.gov.in}} These are called ‘Lakshyas’ and they are defined for each level from the Balvatika to Grade 3. The children who are in Classes 4 and 5 were provided individual teacher guidance.{{Cite web|url=https://vikaspedia.in/news/nipun-bharat-programme-launched|title = Vikaspedia Domains}} The estimated budget for the NIPUN Bharat Mission is ₹2,688 for fiscal year 2021–22.{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=Does the Union Budget 2022-23 Offer Inclusive Recovery for School Education? |url=https://www.cbgaindia.org/blog/does-the-union-budget-2022-23-offer-inclusive-recovery-for-school-education/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=CBGA India}}
States such as Uttar Pradesh,{{Cite web |title=IIM-Lucknow to aid UP script new chapter in education goals under Bharat Mission {{!}} Lucknow News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/iim-l-to-aid-up-script-new-chapter-in-edu-goals-under-bharat-mission/articleshow/96185591.cms |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=The Times of India |language=en}} Madhya Pradesh,{{Cite web |date=2022-04-27 |title=मिशन अंकुर का लक्ष्य वर्ष 2026 तक मध्य प्रदेश में कक्षा पहली से तीसरी तक हर छात्र पढऩा-लिखना और गणित में हो जाए दक्ष {{!}} Mission Ankur In MP Schools NIPUN Bhart |url=https://www.patrika.com/bhopal-news/mission-ankur-in-mp-schools-nipun-bhart-7495402/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Patrika News |language=hi-IN}} West Bengal,{{Cite journal |date=2021-04-17 |title=Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in West Bengal |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2021/16/commentary/foundational-literacy-and-numeracy-west-bengal.html |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |language=en |volume=56 |issue=16}} Bihar,{{Cite web |author=B. K. Mishra|date=Sep 6, 2022 |title=Nipun Bihar Mission Launched, to Skill Pupils Of Up To Class Iii {{!}} Patna News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nipun-bihar-mission-launchedto-skill-pupils-of-up-to-class-iii/articleshow/94016331.cms |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=The Times of India |language=en}} Tamil Nadu,{{Cite web |title=Our Projects |url=https://www.madhifoundation.org/our-projects/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Madhi Foundation |language=en-US}} Assam,{{Cite web |author=Kangkan Kalita|date=Dec 31, 2022 |title=Assam set to take big strides in education {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-set-to-take-big-strides-in-education/articleshow/96639371.cms |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=The Times of India |language=en}} and Haryana{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Towards Nipun Haryana and Nipun Bharat |url=https://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2022/06/towards-nipun-haryana-and-nipun-bharat/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=digitalLEARNING Magazine |language=en-GB}} have also launched their respective State Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Missions based on the framework of NIPUN Bharat.
= Framework =
The NIPUN Bharat Mission categorizes the expected learning outcomes into three primary developmental goals, namely (i) Children to maintain good health and well-being, (ii) Children to become effective communicators, and (iii) Children to become evolved learners and connect with their environment.{{Cite web |last=Shukla |first=Anubhav |date=2022-08-28 |title=Nipun Bharat Mission : Objectives, Benefits and Features - Nipun Bharat Mission |url=https://nipunbharatmission.in/nipun-bharat-mission-objectives-benefits-and-features/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |language=en-US}}
= Foundational Learning Study 2022 =
The Foundational Learning Study 2022 (FLS 2022) is a study serving as the baseline for the implementation of the NIPUN Bharat Mission by the Ministry of Education in March 2022. The FLS 2022 is one of the largest ever studies to assess the foundational level of schoolchildren in India, with a sample size of 86,000 students across grades III, V, VIII and X across 10,000 schools.{{Cite web |title=Press Information Bureau |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1887647#:~:text=Foundational%20Learning%20Study%20(FLS)%20to,under%20the%20NIPUN-BHARAT%20Mission. |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=pib.gov.in}} It is also the first-ever study to benchmark Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) and numeracy on the basis of the [https://gaml.uis.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/GAML6-REF-16-GLOBAL-PROFICIENCY-FRAMEWORK.pdf UN Global Proficiency Framework].{{Cn|date=December 2023}}
= Foundational Learning in India's G20 Presidency =
'Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, especially in the context of blended learning'{{Cite web |title=Shri Dharmendra Pradhan holds a high-level meeting on preparations for G20 Summit going to be held in India in 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1876560 |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=pib.gov.in}} has been recognized by the Ministry of Education as one of the four 'pillars' of the Education Working Group for India's G20 Presidency in 2023.