National Public Order Intelligence Unit

Because the ACPO is a private limited company rather than a public body, it is exempt from public accountability, including freedom of information laws, even though it was funded by the Home Office and deploys police officers from regional forces.Monbiot, George. [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/may/18/police-protest-freedom-of-speech As the political consensus collapses, now all dissenters face suppression]. The Guardian. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009.

Established in March 1999, the NPOIU incorporated the Animal Rights National Index,[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/how-scarves-and-woollies-slaughtered-a-trade-1566775.html How scarves and woollies slaughtered a trade] by Paul Vallely, The Independent, 6 January 1995 work that had previously been the responsibility of the various Special Branches.[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/special-branch-to-target-protesters-1439755.html Special Branch to target protesters] by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 3 November 1994[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/crackdown-on-green-terrorists-1388710.html Crackdown on green terrorists] by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 29 December 1994 Initially operated as part of the Metropolitan Police Special Branch. and is now part of the Specialist Operations Business Group.[http://www.mpa.gov.uk/downloads/publications/budgetbook2007-08.pdf MPA Revenue and Capital Budget Book 2007/08] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716030842/http://www.mpa.gov.uk/downloads/publications/budgetbook2007-08.pdf |date=16 July 2011 }}, Metropolitan Police Authority, 24 April 2007, accessed 18 February 2009

On 10 November 2009, in a question in the House of Commons, MP Dai Davies (Blaenau Gwent, Independent), asked the then Secretary of State for the Home Department various questions about the National Public Order Intelligence Unit (NPOIU). In response the Minister of State for Crime and Policing, David Hanson, responded that the main purpose of the unit was to:[https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm091110/text/91110w0038.htm#09111081000141 Written Answers for 10 November 2009] David Hanson MP, Minister of State (Crime and Policing), Home Office, 10 November 2009, accessed 12 November 2009

• Provide the police service with an ability to develop a national threat assessment and profile for domestic extremism.
• Support forces to reduce crime and disorder from domestic extremism.
• Support a proportionate police response to protest activity.
• Help forces manage concerns of communities and businesses in order to minimise conflict and disorder.

According to HM Inspectorate of Constabulary the NPOIU "performs an intelligence function in relation to politically motivated disorder (not legitimate protests) on behalf of England, Wales and Scotland." by "co-ordinat[ing] the national collection, analysis, exploitation and dissemination of intelligence on the extremist threat to public order."[http://www.hmic.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Archive/ARC_20030101.pdf A Need to Know: HMIC thematic inspection of Special Branch and Ports policing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220041110/http://www.hmic.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Archive/ARC_20030101.pdf |date=20 December 2010 }}, HMIC, January 2003, accessed 18 February 2009

Evening Standard investigative journalist Andrew Gilligan described it as "a secretive, Scotland Yard-based police taskforce" whose "role in controlling dissent is central"."Spooks on the trail of 'Captain Gatso'" by Andrew Gilligan, Evening Standard, 12 September 2005

The NPOIU was based in London, either at Scotland Yard,[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/police-unit-to-target-green-protesters-1183182.html Police unit to target green protesters] by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 7 November 1998, accessed 18 February 2009[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/terrorist-methods-of-green-activists-set-terrorist-snares-1081525.html `Terrorist methods' of green activists `set terrorist snares'] by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 19 March 1999, accessed 18 February 2009[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/true_spies/2337091.stm Secret State Timeline], BBC Thursday, 17 October 2002, accessed 17 February 2009 or on the 5th Floor of Tintagel House on the bank of the River Thames.[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/feb/16/extremism-arrests-police-liberty-central We are all extremists now] by Seumas Milne, The Guardian, 16 February 2009, accessed 18 February 2009 The unit has a staff of 60-70 officers and police staff, seconded from other forces, and has had its budget more than doubled in four years from £2.6 million in 2005/06 to £5.7 million in 2009/10.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8250346/What-is-the-National-Public-Order-Intelligence-Unit.html|title=What is the National Public Order Intelligence Unit?|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=10 January 2011|accessdate=2011-01-11|location=London|first=Nick|last=Collins}} The unit is led by an officer of the rank of Detective Superintendent,[http://www.acpo.police.uk/Vacancy/NCDEVac/NPOIU%2520%2520DCI%2520-%2520%2520CIU%2520Job%2520description.doc Head of Confidential Intelligence Unit (CIU) National Public Order Intelligence Unit (NPOIU)]{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}, ACPO website, cache accessed 18 February 2009 as of 2006 this was Maria Smith of the Wiltshire Constabulary.[http://www.bawp.org/assets/file/Grapevine%20Autumn%202006%20web.pdf BAWP Grapevine Autumn 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716111342/http://www.bawp.org/assets/file/Grapevine%20Autumn%202006%20web.pdf |date=16 July 2011 }}, British Association for Women in Policing, September 2006, accessed 12 November 2009

The NPOIU formed one branch of the National Domestic Extremism Unit (NDEU), under the control of ACPO's National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism, Detective Chief Supt Adrian Tudway.{{cite web|url=http://www.netcu.org.uk/media/article.jsp?id=665&chkx=a7f6a8cad72061dcd8101df14763f349|title=DCS Adrian Tudway appointed new National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism|publisher=NECTU.org.uk|date=15 November 2010|accessdate=2011-01-11|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717001838/http://www.netcu.org.uk/media/article.jsp?id=665&chkx=a7f6a8cad72061dcd8101df14763f349|archivedate=17 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} The NPOIU works in conjunction with the National Extremism Tactical Co-ordination Unit (NETCU) and the National Domestic Extremism Team (NDET).[http://www.netcu.org.uk/media/responses/our_approach.jsp How does the National Domestic Extremism Unit approach peaceful protest?] NDEU/NETCU, undated, accessed 10 January 2011

The Confidential Intelligence Unit was set up in 1999 through discussions held by the members of the Association of Chief Police Officers of England and Wales to observe extremist political groups throughout the UK. The section of the unit is led by an officer of the rank of Detective Chief Inspector.

Strathclyde Police were criticised by pacifist demonstrators at the Faslane nuclear submarine base after demonstrators' details were sent to the unit."Anger over data use", Evening Times (Glasgow), 22 November 2002 Anti-genetically modified food protesters and Muslim university students have also been under surveillance by the unit."Anarchists 'hijacking' GM food protest groups" by Nigel Rosser, Evening Standard, 11 August 1999[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1532087/Counter-terrorism-unit-to-tackle-campus-extremism.html Counter-terrorism unit to tackle campus extremism] by Roya Nikkhah, Daily Telegraph, 24 October 2006, accessed 19 February 2009

In January 2011, it was reported that Mark Kennedy of the Metropolitan Police was one of the first officers to work as an undercover infiltrator for the NPOIU, and had spent seven years within the environmental protest movement.[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/jan/09/undercover-office-green-activists 'Undercover officer who spied on green activists quits Met'], The Guardian, 10 January 2010 Kennedy later confirmed in an exclusive interview with The Mail on Sunday, arranged through PR agent Max Clifford,{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jan/16/spy-mark-kennedy-fear-for-life |title=Spy Mark Kennedy feels remorse and is in 'genuine fear for my life' |work=The Guardian |date=17 January 2011 |accessdate=2011-01-19 |location=London |first1=Peter |last1=Walker |first2=Rajeev |last2=Syal }} that he as Simon Jenkins suspected suffered a version of "Stockholm syndrome".{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jan/11/police-reform-mark-stone-terrorism |title=The state's pedlars of fear must be brought to account |author=Simon Jenkins |author-link=Simon Jenkins |work=The Guardian |date=11 January 2011 |accessdate=2011-01-11 |location=London }} In 2022, the Investigatory Powers Tribunal found that, regarding Kate Wilson, one of the women who had sued the police in the high court, Kennedy had “invaded the core of her private life”, “caused her mental suffering" and that he had “interfered” with her “sexual autonomy” and showed “a profound lack of respect” for her “bodily integrity and human dignity.” It found that his actions were an “abuse of the highest order.” In January 2022 the tribunal found that Kennedy had “grossly debased, degraded and humiliated” his victim and awarded her £229,000 in compensation.{{Cite news |date=2022-01-25 |title=Activist deceived into relationship with Met officer wins £229,000 compensation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/25/activist-deceived-relationship-met-police-officer-wins-compensation-kate-wilson |access-date=2022-01-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en }} The tribunal described Kennedy as a "highly unreliable narrator" and stated "we do not consider we can put any weight on statements and comments he has made". Former US climate activist Harry Halpin stated that Kennedy's actions "intentionally destroyed" the global momentum building behind a climate protest movement during the late 2000s.

In November 2010 it was announced that the three ACPO units commanded by the National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism would be rebranded as the National Domestic Extremism Unit and brought under the control of the Metropolitan Police Business Group by mid-2011.{{cite web |url=http://www.pressassociation.com/component/pafeeds/2010/11/23/police_on_tightrope_at_protests |title=Police on 'tightrope' at protests |publisher=Press Association |date=23 November 2010 |accessdate=2011-01-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224131224/http://www.pressassociation.com/component/pafeeds/2010/11/23/police_on_tightrope_at_protests |archivedate=24 December 2012 }}

Following The Guardian articles about the activities and accusations of Mark Kennedy, and the collapse of the trial of six activists, a number of initiatives and changes were announced:{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/jan/18/covert-policing-cleanup-acpo|title=Clean-up of covert policing ordered after Mark Kennedy revelations|publisher=The Guardian|date=17 January 2011|accessdate=2011-01-19|location=London|first1=Alan|last1=Travis|first2=Paul|last2=Lewis|first3=Martin|last3=Wainwright}}

• Acknowledging that "something had gone very wrong" in the Kennedy case to the Home Affairs Select Committee,{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12219223|title=Police inspectors review undercover operations|publisher=BBC News|date=18 January 2011|accessdate=2011-01-19}} Home Office minister Nick Herbert stated that ACPO would lose control of three teams involved in tackling domestic extremism. Herbert re-announced the already planned transfer of the units to the Metropolitan Police, with acting commissioner Tim Godwin confirming that this would occur at the earliest possible timescale.
• HM Inspectorate of Constabulary announced that Bernard Hogan-Howe would lead an investigation into ACPO, to assess whether undercover operations had been "authorised in accordance with law" and "proportionate". This investigation was later expanded to become Operation Herne, first led by Pat Gallan but then transferred to Mick Creedon in February 2013 after "allegations in the media concerning the use of deceased children’s identities" were made.{{cite report | author=Mick Creedon|date=March 2014|title=Operation Herne - Report 2|url=https://www.met.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/metropolitan-police/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/operation-herne---report-2-allegations-of-peter-francis-operation-trinity|publisher=Metropolitan Police|page=13}} The report was released to limited circulation in 2015.{{Cite web |title=Undercover Policing Inquiry |url=https://www.npcc.police.uk/NPCCBusinessAreas/OtherWorkAreas/UCPI/UndercoverPolicingInquiry.aspx |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=National Police Chiefs' Council}}
• The Serious Organised Crime Agency announced an inquiry into the conduct of Mark Kennedy.
• The Independent Police Complaints Commission announced an investigation into Nottinghamshire Police, over allegations it suppressed surveillance tapes recorded by Kennedy, the contents of which may have exonerated the six Ratcliffe activists.

• Forward Intelligence Team

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Category:Association of Chief Police Officers

Category:National law enforcement agencies of the United Kingdom

Category:1999 establishments in the United Kingdom

Category:Organizations established in 1999