Nefamese

{{Short description|Language of Arunachal Pradesh, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Arunamese/Nefamese

| states = Arunachal Pradesh

| speakers = unknown

| date = 2006

| ref = e18

| familycolor = Pidgin

| family = Assamese-based pidgin

| iso3 = nef

| glotto = nefa1235

| glottorefname = Nefamese

}}

Nefamese or Arunamese is a pidgin of Arunachal Pradesh (formerly NEFA), India. Its classification is unclear; Ethnologue states that it is based on the Assamese language, but also that it is most closely related to the Sino-Tibetan Gallong like the Assamese language formed out by the mixture of languages like Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman, Tai and Indo-European family of languages.

Nefamese emerged in eastern Arunachal Pradesh as a lingua franca among the Nyishi, Adi, Apatanai, Khampti, Hill Miri, Idu Mishimi, Nocte, Wancho, Tagin, Mompa, Zakhring, and Bugun peoples, among others—between them and with other Indigenous Assamese people and other Indigenous groups of Northeast India. The language is threatened by, and has perhaps somewhat been replaced by, the use of Hindi.

Phonology

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|+Consonants{{cite web |url=http://www.thecho.in/files/The-Phonological-Aspects-of-Nefamese.pdf |title=The Phonological aspects of Nefamese |last1=Bhuyan |first1=Nupur Chandra |year=2012 |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716025141/https://www.thecho.in/files/The-Phonological-Aspects-of-Nefamese.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-16 |url-status=dead}}

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!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

Plosive

|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|tʃ}} {{IPA link|dʒ}}

|{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}}

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Fricative

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|{{IPA link|s}}

|{{IPA link|ʃ}}

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|{{IPA link|h}}

Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

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|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

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Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|{{IPA link|r}}, {{IPA link|l}}

|{{IPA link|j}}

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class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Vowels

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!Front

!Central

!Back

High

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|{{IPA link|u}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|e}}

|{{IPA link|ə}}

|{{IPA link|o}}

Low

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|{{IPA link|aː}}

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See also

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite thesis |last=Bhuyan |first=Nupur|date=2013 |title=A descriptive analysis of Nefamese |type=PhD |hdl=10603/94064}}

{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{Indo-Aryan languages}}

Category:Languages of Arunachal Pradesh

Category:Assamese-based pidgins and creoles

Category:Endangered pidgins and creoles

Category:Endangered languages of India