Nelson Morgan
{{short description|American computer scientist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix =
| birth_date = {{birth_month_and_age|1949|05}}
| birth_place = Buffalo, New York, USA
| death_date =
| death_place =
| name = Nelson Harold Morgan
| image =
| caption =
| education = University of Chicago
University of California, Berkeley
| thesis_title = Room Acoustics Simulation with Discrete-time Hardware
| thesis_year = 1980
| doctoral_advisor = Robert W. Brodersen
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students = Oriol Vinyals
| workplaces = National Semiconductor
University of California, Berkeley
| website = {{URL|https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/morgan.html}}
}}
Nelson Harold Morgan (born May, 1949) is an American computer scientist and professor in residence (emeritus) of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118142882/homepage/AuthorBiography.html Author biography], Speech and Audio Signal Processing, Wiley Publishing, 2011 Morgan is the co-inventor of the Relative Spectral (RASTA) approach to speech signal processing, first described in a technical report published in 1991.[http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/pubs/techreports/tr-91-069.pdf RASTA-PLP Speech Analysis], Hynek Hermansky, Nelson Morgan, Aruna Bayya, and Phil Kohn, ICSI Technical Report TR-91-069, December 1991[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=225957&isnumber=5894 RASTA-PLP Speech Analysis Technique], Hynek Hermansky, Nelson Morgan, Aruna Bayya, and Phil Kohn, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP-92), Vol.1, No., pp. 121-124 March 1992. doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.1992.225957
Education and career
Morgan was born in Buffalo, New York.{{Cite web |title=Nelson Morgan, Class of 1967 |url=https://hamburgalumnifoundation.org/inductee/nelson-morgan-class-of-1967/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Hamburg Alumni Foundation |language=en-US}} He studied at University of Chicago, later he received his PhD as an NSF fellow from University of California, Berkeley in 1980 under the supervision of Robert W. Brodersen.[https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/grfp/AwardeeList.do NSF Graduate Research Fellows]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Retrieved 28 February 2012 Morgan worked at National Semiconductor before taking up the post as a professor in residence at University of California, Berkeley. At Berkeley, he founded ICSI's Realization Group, which later become known as the Speech Group, in 1988. He served as director of ICSI from 1999 through 2011.{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13218-012-0217-0 | doi=10.1007/s13218-012-0217-0 | title=Interview with Dr. Roberto Pieraccini, Director of the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) at Berkeley, USA | date=2012 | last1=Wahlster | first1=Wolfgang | journal=Ki - Künstliche Intelligenz | volume=26 | issue=3 | pages=289–291 }}
Research and contributions
In 1993, Morgan and Herve Bourlard published their work on the hybrid system approach to speech recognition, which uses neural networks probabilistically with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs).[https://www.springer.com/engineering/circuits+%26+systems/book/978-0-7923-9396-2 Connectionist Speech Recognition: A Hybrid Approach], Nelson Morgan and Herve Bourlard, Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. 247, 1993 The system improved automatic speech recognition techniques based on HMMs by providing discriminative training, incorporating multiple input sources, and using a flexible architecture able to accommodate contextual inputs and feedbacks. The work has been described as "seminal.".[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.93.2006 Hybrid HMM/Neural Network Based Speech Recognition in Loquendo ASR], Roberto Gemello, Franco Mana, and Dario Albesano Morgan won the 1996 IEEE Signal Processing Magazine Best Paper Award for a paper with Bourlard.[http://www.signalprocessingsociety.org/uploads/awards/SPS_Mag_Best_Paper.pdf IEEE Signal Processing Magazine Best Paper Award Recipients], IEEE Signal Processing Society Morgan and Bourlard were awarded the 2022 IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award "For contributions to neural networks for statistical speech recognition."[https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035349/https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/flanagan_rl.pdf IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award Recipients]
Morgan was the principal investigator of the IARPA-funded project Outing Unfortunate Characteristics of HMMs, which sought to identify problems in automatic speech recognition technology.[http://www.speechtechblog.com/2012/06/20/icsi-seeks-to-unravel-asr-limitations#axzz208wTfom6 Speech Tech Blog], Michele Masterson, June 20, 2012 He also led a team of universities to build speech recognition systems for low resource languages as part of the IARPA Babel program.{{cite news|title=ICSI Leads Team Researching Ways to Build Speech Recognition Systems for New Languages Under Severe Data and Time Constraints|url=https://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/icsi/news/2012/11/swordfish|accessdate=30 March 2018|date=November 28, 2012}}
Morgan was the former director of the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), where he was also the Speech Group leader.[http://www.signalprocessingsociety.org/technical-committees/list/sl-tc/spl-nl/2012-05/announcements SLTC Newsletter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404075017/http://www.signalprocessingsociety.org/technical-committees/list/sl-tc/spl-nl/2012-05/announcements/ |date=2016-04-04 }}, IEEE Signal Processing Society, May 2012 He recently has focused on campaign reform through empowering volunteerism. In that work, he co-founded UpRise Campaigns with Antonia Scatton, and later co-founded Neighbors Forward AZ with Alison Porter.
Morgan has produced more than 200 publications, including four books,Speech and Audio Signal Processing, Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, Wiley Publishing, 1999[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118142882 Speech and Audio Signal Processing, Second Edition], Ben Gold, Nelson Morgan, and Dan Ellis, 2011
Honors and awards
Morgan is a fellow of the IEEE[http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/alphabetical/mfellows.html IEEE Fellows] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619154146/http://ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/alphabetical/mfellows.html |date=2010-06-19 }}. Retrieved 28 February 2012. and the International Speech Communication Association.[http://www.isca-speech.org/iscaweb/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=219&Itemid=65] ISCA 2010 Fellows. Retrieved 28 February 2012 Together with Hervé Bourlard, he won the 1996 IEEE Signal Processing Magazine Best Paper Award and was awarded the 2022 IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award "For contributions to neural networks for statistical speech recognition." He was on the editorial board of Speech Communication Magazine, of which he is a former co-editor-in-chief.[http://www.journals.elsevier.com/speech-communication/editorial-board/ Speech Communication Editorial Board], Elsevier Publishing.
References
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Category:American computer scientists
Category:People from Buffalo, New York
Category:University of Chicago alumni