Nemyriv

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|fontsize=85% |quote={{flagicon image|Alex K Grundwald flags 1410-03.svg}} Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1506–1569

{{flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1672

{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} 1672–1699

{{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław II of Poland.svg}} Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699–1793

{{flag|Russian Empire}} 1793–1917

{{flag|Ukraine}} (Ukrainian People's Republic) 1917-1920

{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1929).svg}} Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922

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{{flag|Ukraine}} 1991–present

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File:Napoleon Orda. Nemyriv.jpg

Nemyriv was built on the site of ancient Scythian settlement Myriv, destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Rus'. The settlement was re-established at the end of the 14th century and the first written mention of the city under its modern name in 1506.

Nemyriv ultimately derives from the Slavic given name Niemir. It was a private town of Poland, owned by the families of Zbaraski and Potocki. Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski visited the Potocki Palace.

Notable events of Cossack wars took place in the town through 17th century and the city was captured by Andrii Abazyn between 1702 and 1704.[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\A\B\AbazynAndrii.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine]

In 1737, an abortive congress was held in Nemyriv, aimed at the conclusion of peace between the emperors of Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Turkey, and bringing an end to the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–39.

Before World War II, Nemyriv had a large Jewish community. During the Khmelnytsky Uprising a massacre of Jews took place in Nemyriv. The town fell to the Cossacks on 10 June 1648, and the non-Jewish townspeople betrayed the Jews to the Cossacks.{{Cite book|last=Teller|first=Adam|title=Rescue the Surviving Souls: The Great Jewish Refugee Crisis of the Seventeenth Century|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2020|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=27, 29, 32}} The massacre was significant enough to Polish-Lithuanian Jewry that the Council of Four Lands marked the Jewish date of the massacre, 20 Sivan, as a day of remembrance for all the dead from the Khmelnytsky Uprising.{{Cite book|last=Teller|first=Adam|title=Rescue the Surviving Souls: The Great Jewish Refugee Crisis of the Seventeenth Century|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2020|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=57}} The Hasidic Rabbi Jacob Joseph of Polonne was appointed as rabbi in Nemyriv after he left Rashkov, during the 3rd quarter of the 18th century.Dresner, Samuel H. (Rabbi). The Zaddik: The Doctrine of the Zaddik according to the Writings of Rabbi Yaakov Yosef of Polnoy, Shocken Books, 1974.{{ISBN|0-8052-0437-7}} p. 50 (mention of his stay in Nemirov).[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/298968/Jacob-Joseph-of-Polonnoye Encyclopædia Britannica] By the 19th century it had become one of the centers of Breslov Hasidism, being the birthplace and home of Nathan of Breslov ("Reb Noson"), the foremost disciple and scribe of rebbe Nachman of Breslov. After Nachman's death in 1810, Reb Noson moved to Bratslav to disseminate and publish his teachings from there. The city acted as a center of Jewish studies and linked with several Rabbi, such as Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller and Jehiel Michel ben Eliezer.[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=N&artid=184 Jewish Encyclopedia.com] Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller once chief Rabbi of Vienna and Prague was the Chief Rabbi of Nemyriv from 1631 to 1634.

By September 1941, the German kept the Jews of the city prisoners in a ghetto, where they were put to work, constructing the road from Nemyriv to Haisyn. On November 24, 1941, an Einsatzgruppen massacred 2,680 Jews in pits in the Polish cemetery. On June 26, 1942, the ghetto was liquidated. The Jews were driven into the synagogue, where 200 to 300 young and strong men and women were selected and sent to a labor camp. The rest, perhaps as many as 500, were shot behind the Polish cemetery in pits that had been dug in advance.{{Cite web|url=http://yahadmap.org/#village/nemyriv-vinnytsia-ukraine.192|title = Yahad - in Unum}}

File:Немирів костел 2012.jpg|St. Joseph Catholic Church

File:Парковий фасад Палацу княгині М.Щербатової в Немирові P1080902-1.jpg|Scherbatova Palace in Nemyriv

File:Комплекс Немирівської гімназії. Чоловічий корпус, Немирів вул. Луначарського,27.JPG|Nemyriv gymnasium

File:Електростанція та млин DSCF3277.JPG|Old mill

File:Миколаївський монастир P1090056.jpg|Nicholas monastery

• Nathan of Breslov, rabbi
• Nikolay Nekrasov, poet
• Marko Vovchok, writer
• Theodosius Dobzhansky, geneticist
• Mordechai Namir, Israeli politician
• Ida Rhodes (birth name Hadassah Itzkowitz) was born in a Jewish village between Nemyriv and Tulchyn.
• Yosyf Semashko, Uniate and Orthodox hierarch
• Liubov Hakkebush, stage actress, teacher and translator.

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=764 The murder of the Jews of Nemyriv] during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

{{Vinnytsia Oblast}}

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Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine

Category:Cities in Vinnytsia Oblast

Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine

Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine