Neohipparion

{{Short description|Extinct genus of mammals}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = Clarendonian-Hemphillian
~{{fossil range|13.6|4.9}}

| image = Neohipparion leptode LACM.jpg

| image_caption = Skeleton of N. leptode at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Neohipparion

| authority = Gidley, 1903

| type_species = Neohipparion affine

| type_species_authority = (Leidy, 1869)

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = * N. affine (Leidy, 1869)

• N. eurystyle (Cope, 1893)
• N. gidleyi Merriam, 1915
• N. leptode Merriam, 1915
• N. trampasense Edwards, 1982

| synonyms = * Hesperohippus Dalquest, 1981

}}

File:Neohipparion by Knight.jpg]]

File:Ashfall Fossil Beds - Mare, foal, and baby rhino.JPG]]

Neohipparion (Greek: "new" (neos), "pony" (hipparion){{cite web|url=https://research.amnh.org/paleontology/perissodactyl/concepts/glossary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120123130/https://research.amnh.org/paleontology/perissodactyl/concepts/glossary|archive-date=20 November 2021|title=Glossary. American Museum of Natural History}}) is an extinct genus of equid,{{Cite journal | last1 = Clementz | first1 = M. T. | title = New insight from old bones: Stable isotope analysis of fossil mammals | doi = 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-179.1 | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 93 | issue = 2 | pages = 368–380 | year = 2012 | doi-access = free }} from the Neogene (Miocene to Pliocene) of North America and Central America.{{Cite web|date=2017-03-31|title=Neohipparion eurystyle|url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-vertebrate-fossils/species/neohipparion-eurystyle/|access-date=2021-06-23|website=Florida Museum|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2018-02-16|title=Neohipparion|url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fossil-horses/gallery/neohipparion/|access-date=2021-06-23|website=Florida Museum|language=en-US}}{{Cite journal |last=Stirton |first=R. A. |date=1955 |title=Two New Species of the Equid Genus Neohipparion from the Middle Pliocene, Chihuahua, Mexico |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1300411 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=886–902 |jstor=1300411 |issn=0022-3360}}{{Cite journal |last=MacFadden |first=Bruce J. |date=1985 |title=Patterns of Phylogeny and Rates of Evolution in Fossil Horses: Hipparions from the Miocene and Pliocene of North America |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2400665 |journal=Paleobiology |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=245–257 |doi=10.1017/S009483730001157X |jstor=2400665 |issn=0094-8373|url-access=subscription }} Fossils of this horse have been found in Texas,{{Cite journal |last=Quinn |first=James Harrison |date=1952 |title=Recognition of Hipparions and other horses in the middle Miocene mammalian faunas of the Texas Gulf region |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/items/fc99fb35-da37-41ec-ae55-babd5242e1f8 |journal=Bureau of Economic Geology |language=en |via=University of Texas at Austin}}{{Cite journal |last=Hulbert |first=Richard C. |date=July 1987 |title=Late Neogene Neohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000029152 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=809–830 |doi=10.1017/s0022336000029152 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }} Florida,{{Cite journal |last=MacFadden |first=Bruce J. |date=1986 |title=Late Hemphillian Monodactyl Horses (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Bone Valley Formation of Central Florida |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1305172 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=466–475 |doi=10.1017/S0022336000021995 |jstor=1305172 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }} Kansas,{{Cite journal |last=Darnell |first=Michelle |date=2000-12-01 |title=Systematics of the Fossil Equidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla), Minimum Quarry, Graham County, Kansas |url=https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/2771/ |journal=Master's Theses |doi=10.58809/HMSW1030|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=Darnell |first=Michelle K. |last2=Thomasson |first2=Joseph R. |date=2007 |title=First Equid Remains from the Late Miocene Prolithospermum johnstonii-Nassella pohlii Assemblage Zone Stratotype Locality, Ellis County, Kansas |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20476288 |journal=Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science |volume=110 |issue=1/2 |pages=10–15 |issn=0022-8443}} South Dakota,{{Cite journal |last=Macdonald |first=J. R. |date=1960 |title=An Early Pliocene Fauna from Mission, South Dakota |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1301023 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=961–982 |jstor=1301023 |issn=0022-3360}} Montana,{{Cite journal |last=Storer |first=John E. |date=1969-08-01 |title=An Upper Pliocene neohipparion from the Flaxville Gravels, northern Montana |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e69-076 |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=791–794 |doi=10.1139/e69-076 |issn=0008-4077|url-access=subscription }} Nevada,{{Cite journal |last=Macdonald |first=J. R. |date=1956 |title=A New Clarendonian Mammalian Fauna from the Truckee Formation of Western Nevada |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1300391 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=186–202 |jstor=1300391 |issn=0022-3360}} Alabama,{{Cite journal |last1=Hulbert |first1=Richard C. |last2=Whitmore |first2=Frank C. |date=2006-06-01 |title=Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla local fauna, Alabama |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.xcpo4034 |journal=Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=1–28 |doi=10.58782/flmnh.xcpo4034 |issn=0071-6154|url-access=subscription }} Oregon,{{Cite report |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1181b |title=Geology of the Rattlesnake quadrangle Bearpaw Mountains, Blaine County, Montana |date=1964 |publisher=US Geological Survey|doi=10.3133/b1181b }} and Mexico.{{Cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=Everett H. |date=1984 |title=Late Cenozoic Mammals from Northwestern Mexico |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4522984 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=208–215 |issn=0272-4634}} This prehistoric species of equid grew up to lengths of {{cvt|4.5|to|5|ft|m}} long.{{Cite journal|last=Hulbert|first=Richard C.|date=July 1987|title=Late Neogene Neohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000029152|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=61|issue=4|pages=809–830|doi=10.1017/s0022336000029152|bibcode=1987JPal...61..809H |s2cid=130745896 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription}} In Florida, Neohipparion lived in a savanna environment during the dry season but moved to a wet environment when it came time to mate. The average age of death for a newborn colt was 3.5 years, with a juvenile mortality rate of 64% during its first 2 years of existence.{{Cite journal |last=Hulbert |first=Richard C. |date=1982 |title=Population Dynamics of the Three-Toed Horse Neohipparion from the Late Miocene of Florida |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300004504 |journal=Paleobiology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=159–167 |doi=10.1017/s0094837300004504 |issn=0094-8373|url-access=subscription }} Its diet consisted of grasses,⁣⁣ C3 and C4 plants.{{Cite journal |last1=Pérez-Crespo |first1=Víctor Adrián |last2=Carranza-Castañeda |first2=Oscar |last3=Arroyo-Cabrales |first3=Joaquín |last4=Morales-Puente |first4=Pedro |last5=Cienfuegos-Alvarado |first5=Edith |last6=Otero |first6=Francisco J. |date=2017-04-01 |title=Diet and habitat of unique individuals of Dinohippus mexicanus and Neohipparion eurystyle (Equidae) from the late Hemphillian (Hh3) of Guanajuato and Jalisco, central Mexico: stable isotope studies |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2017.1.470 |journal=Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=38 |doi=10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2017.1.470 |issn=2007-2902|doi-access=free }} δ¹³C values from ‘’N. eurystyle’’ fossils found in Florida indicate that it fed almost exclusively on C₄ grasses.{{Cite journal |last=MacFadden |first=Bruce J. |last2=Solounias |first2=Nikos |last3=Cerling |first3=Thure E. |date=5 February 1999 |title=Ancient Diets, Ecology, and Extinction of 5-Million-Year-Old Horses from Florida |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.283.5403.824 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=283 |issue=5403 |pages=824–827 |doi=10.1126/science.283.5403.824 |issn=0036-8075 |access-date=27 November 2024|url-access=subscription }}