Neonectria

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Nectria galligena rouge.jpg

| image_caption = Fruiting bodies of Neonectria ditissima

| taxon = Neonectria

| authority = Wollenw. 1917

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

}}

Neonectria is a genus of fungi in the family Nectriaceae.

It is a cosmopolitan genus commonly distributed in tropical and temperate regions.{{cite web |title=Neonectria Wollenw. |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2563867 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=20 July 2023 |language=en}} The species occur as saprobes (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter), pathogens and some species have been isolated as soil inhabitants (Brayford 1993;{{cite journal |last1=Brayford |first1=D. |last2=Samuels |first2=G.J. |title=Some didymosporous species of Nectria with nonmicroconidial Cylindrocarpon anamorphs. |journal=Mycologia |date=1993 |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=612–637|doi=10.1080/00275514.1993.12026315 }} Chaverri et al. 2011).{{cite journal |last1=Chaverri |first1=P. |last2=Salgado |first2=C. |last3=Hirooka |first3=Y. |last4=Rossman |first4=A.Y. |last5=Samuels |first5=G.J. |title=Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs. |journal=Stud. Mycol. |date=2011 |volume=68 |pages=57–78|doi=10.3114/sim.2011.68.03 |pmid=21523189 |pmc=3065985 }}

Neonectria was linked to the asexual genus Cylindrocarpon. Later phylogenetic analysis revealed that Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon are

phylogenetically congeneric and they are not monophyletic (Mantiri et al. 2001;{{cite journal |last1=Mantiri |first1=F.R. |last2=Samuels |first2=G.J. |last3=Rahe |first3=J.E. |last4=Honda |first4=B.M. |title=Phylogenetic relationship in Neonectria species having Cylindrocarpon anamorphs inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |date=2001 |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=334–340|doi=10.1139/b01-002 }} Brayford et al. 2004;{{cite journal |last1=Brayford |first1=D. |last2=Honda |first2=B.M. |last3=Mantiri |first3=F.R. |last4=Samuels |first4=G.J. |title=Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon: the Nectria mammoidea group and species lacking macroconidia. |journal=Mycologia |date=2004 |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=572–597|doi=10.1080/15572536.2005.11832955 |pmid=21148879 |s2cid=218589904 }} Seifert et al. 2003).{{cite journal |last1=Seifert |first1=K.A. |last2=McMullen |first2=C.R. |last3=Yee |first3=D. |last4=Reeleder |first4=R.D. |last5=Dobinson |first5=K.F. |title=Molecular differentiation and detection of ginseng-adapted isolates of the root rot fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans. |journal=Phytopathology |date=2003 |volume=93 |issue=12 |pages=1533–1542|doi=10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.12.1533 |pmid=18943617 |doi-access=free }}

A taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu lato was provided by Chaverri et al. in 2011, based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, morphological characters and ecological data. Their phylogenetic analysis showed five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups. Hence, three genera llyonectria, Rugonectria and Thelonectria were introduced to accommodate three Neonectria sensu lato informal groups.

'Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa' by Wijayawardene et al. lists up to 30 species (in 2020),{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free|hdl=10481/61998 |hdl-access=free }} and around 25 records are listed by Species Fungorum,{{cite web |title=Neonectria - Search Page |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp?strGenus=Neonectria |website=www.speciesfungorum.org |publisher=Species Fungorum |access-date=10 July 2023}} and GBIF.