Neotrombicula fujigmo
{{short description|Species of mite}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Neotrombicula
| parent = Neotrombicula (Neotrombicula)
| species = fujigmo
| authority = (Philip & Fuller, 1950)
| synonyms={{species list|
Trombicula fujigmo|Philip & Fuller, 1950{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|pp=53–54}}|
Tragardhula fujigmo|(Philip & Fuller, 1950)
}}
}}
Neotrombicula fujigmo is a species of harvest mite. It is an ectoparasite of shrews and rats. N. fujigmo is found in the Indomalayan realm and has been recorded in Myanmar and India. Cornelius Becker Philip and H. S. Fuller described the species in 1950, initially placing it in the genus Trombicula. The specific epithet comes from the military slang FUJIGMO.
Etymology
The etymology Cornelius B. Philip and H. S. Fuller gave with their description says that it "commemorates a humorous, slang term evolved by soldiers of the Allied Forces in the Far East to express their impatience to return home after V-J Day."{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|pp=53–54}} FUJIGMO is military slang and an acronym for Fuck you, Jack, I got my orders.{{cite dictionary|entry=FUJIGMO |dictionary=The F-Word |editor-last=Sheidlower |editor-first=Jesse |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-539311-8 |page=183}}{{cite dictionary |editor1-last=Lighter |editor1-first=J. E. |title=Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang |date=1994 |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=0-394-54427-7 |page=844 |entry=FUJIGMO |volume=1 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/844/mode/1up |chapter-url-access=registration }} Philip first saw this phrase, using the less common spelling FUGIGMO, in Japan at the end of World War II; he saw it printed over the door of an American officer's tent. The officer explained it was a slogan used to express soldiers' impatience to return home. Philip proposed this would be a good name for a species to Fuller, who agreed.{{cite journal |last1=McClellan |first1=Patrick H. |title=Taxonomic punchlines: metadata in biology |journal=Historical Biology |date=2021 |volume=33 |issue=3 |page=366 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1618293|bibcode=2021HBio...33..354M |s2cid=190873040 }} The term FUJIGMO has also been described as "an expression of indifference and mild defiance"; after getting separation, members of the armed forces might become apathetic about what would happen to the rest of their unit.{{cite book |last1=Feldman |first1=Gilda |last2=Feldman |first2=Phil |title=Acronym Soup: A Stirring Guide to Our Newest Word Form |date=1994 |publisher=W. Morrow |location=New York |isbn=0-688-12160-8 |pages=146–147 |chapter=You're in the Army Now |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/acronymsoupstirr00feld/page/147/mode/2up |chapter-url-access=registration}} FUJIGMO could also accompany a refusal to obey someone who had been their superior after getting transfer orders but before physically relocating.{{cite book |last1=Mann |first1=Robert A. |title=The B-29 Superfortress Chronology, 1934–1960 |date=2009 |publisher=McFarland & Co. |location=Jefferson, N.C. |isbn=978-0-7864-4274-4 |page=256 |chapter=Appendix 3. Etymology of Representative Aircraft Names}}
Philip was known for coming up with humorous, whimsical names for taxa such as Chrysops balzaphire ("balls of fire") and Tabanus rhizonshine ("rise and shine"). The expletive nature of the etymology has led this species to be included in lists and discussions of taxa with unusual or humorous names. The entomologist Arnold Menke listed Trombicula fujigmo in a 1993 list of "Funny or Curious Zoological Names" with the instructions to "ask any WWII vet what 'fujigmo' stands for".{{cite journal|last1=Menke|first1=Arnold S.|title=Funny or Curious Zoological Names|journal=BOGUS|date=1993|volume=-2|page=27|pages=|issn=1072-2556}}
Distribution
N. fujigmo is found in the Indomalayan realm. {{As of|2021}} it has only been recorded in India and Myanmar. The type locality is {{convert|12|miles}} north of Myitkyina, Kachin State, Myanmar.{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|p=53}} It has also been found in Northeast India, including {{ill|Kanglatongbi|simple}}, in Manipur. Elsewhere in India, it has been recorded in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala.
Description
Only the larva of the species has been described.{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|pp=53–54}} Eyes are in a 2/2 arrangement on the ocular plat of the idiosoma. There are 40 dorsal setae on the idiosoma, arranged 8-8-8(10)-10(8)-6. The gnathosoma has a palpal setal formula of B/B.NNB/7B.S and the palpal claw has three prongs. The scutum is subpentagonal and caudally rounded.
The type host is the voracious shrew, Crocidura vorax. Paratypes were also collected from the Asian house rat, Rattus tanezumi.{{efn|Reported under the trinomen "Rattus rattus sladeni {{small|(Anderson)}}".}}{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|p=53}} It has been found on the lesser bandicoot rat.{{cite journal |last1=Samuel |first1=P. Philip |last2=Govindarajan |first2=R. |last3=Krishnamoorthi |first3=R. |last4=Rajamannar |first4=V. |title=A study on ectoparasites with special reference to chigger mites on rodents/shrews in scrub typhus endemic areas of Kerala, India |journal=Entomon |date=2020 |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=285–294 |doi=10.33307/entomon.v45i4.572|s2cid=234382785 }}
Taxonomic history
Philip and Fuller first described this species in 1950, placing it in the genus Trombicula. Their description was based on eighteen larval specimens (one holotype and seventeen paratypes) which the U.S. Typhus Commission collected in northern Myanmar in 1944–1945.{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|p=53}} The holotype larva was deposited in the U.S. National Museum. Paratypes were deposited in the U.S. National Museum, the British Museum (Natural History), the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, and the South Australian Museum, as well as the personal collections of G. W. Wharton, Takeo Tamiya, C. B. Philip, and H. S. Fuller.{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|p=53}} A 2021 listing of Trombiculid type specimens in U.S. National Entomology Collection, Smithsonian Institution, included four larval paratypes but did not include the holotype.
Philip and Fuller placed it in the autumnalis species group within Trombicula. They noted that T. autumnalis was the type species of Neotrombicula, a subgenus Arthur Stanley Hirst had named in 1925, however Philip and Fuller did not include any subgenera in their taxonomy of Trombicula. Instead, they placed it "provisionally in the genus Trombicula sensu lato".{{sfnp|Philip|Fuller|1950|p=50}} Trombicula fujigmo was also the combination Carl E.M. Gunther used in 1952. In 1952, George W. Wharton and Fuller included Neotrombicula as a subgenus of Trombicula, giving the species the name T. (N.) fujigmo. Audy also listed T. fujigmo as being within the subgenus Neotrombicula sensu stricto in 1953.
In 1952, Herbert Womersley included it in the genus Tragardhula; this was followed by a few other taxonomic works in the 1950s, including Charles D. Radford in 1954{{efn|Written as "{{as written|T. fujigma}}".}}{{cite journal |last1=Radford |first1=Charles D. |title=The larval genera and species of 'harvest mites' (Acarina: Trombiculidae) |journal=Parasitology |date=1954 |volume=44 |issue=3–4 |pages=247–276 |doi=10.1017/S0031182000018898|pmid=13214897 |s2cid=12668699 }} and J. Ralph Audy and colleagues in 1953. In 1957, Neotrombicula was itself given genus status, giving it its present binomial: N. fujigmo. Arachnologists differ as to if the genus Neotrombicula itself has subgenera or not. Taxonomists who do divide Neotrombicula into multiple subgenera place N. fujigmo into the nominotypical subgenus: N. (Neotrombicula) fujigmo, N. fujigmo has sometimes been placed in the bisignata group within Neotrombicula,{{cite journal |last1=Kadosaka |first1=Teruki |last2=Tamura |first2=Akira |last3=Tarasevich |first3=Irina V. |title=New Species of Neotrombicula (Acari: Trombiculidae) from the Southern Primorye Territory, Russian Far East |journal=Journal of Medical Entomology |date=1995 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=381–383 |doi=10.1093/jmedent/32.3.381|pmid=7616531 }} but others have disagreed with this group placement.
Notes
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References
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=Works cited=
{{ref begin}}
- {{cite book |editor1-last=Arnaud |editor1-first=Paul H. Jr. |editor2-last=Lane |editor2-first=Robert S. |title=Contributions to the Study of Tabanidae (Diptera): In Honor of Cornelius Becker Philip on the Occasion of his 85th Birthday |date=1985 |series=Myia: A Publication on Diptera |volume=3 |publisher=Insect Associates |location=South San Francisco |oclc=12490775}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Philip |first1=Cornelius B. |last2=Fuller |first2=H. S. |title=The harvest mites ('Akidani') of Japan and the Far East and their relationship to the Autumnalis group of trombiculid mites |journal=Parasitology |date=1950 |volume=40 |issue=1–2 |pages=50–57 |doi=10.1017/S0031182000017856|pmid=15401170 |s2cid=35965728 }}
{{ref end}}
Further reading
{{ref begin}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Womersley |first1=H. |last2=Audy |first2=J.R. |date=1957 |title=Malaysian Parasites XXVII. The Trombiculidae (Acarina) of the Asiatic-Pacific region: A revised and annotated list of the species in Womersley (1952), with descriptions of larvae and nymphs |journal=Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya |volume=28 |pages=231–296 [267]}}
- {{cite book|last=Vercammen-Grandjean |first=P.H. |date=1965 |title=Trombiculinae of the world, synopsis with generic, subgeneric, and group diagnoses (Acarina, Trombiculidae) |publisher=George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California |location=San Francisco |page=72}}
- {{cite book|last=Vercammen-Grandjean |first=P.H. |date=1968 |title=The chigger mite of the Far East (Acarina: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae). An illustrated key and a synopsis; some new tribes, genera and subgenera |publisher=U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command |location=Washington, DC |page=86}}
{{ref end}}
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Category:Animals described in 1950