Nephrophyllidium

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{Speciesbox

|image = Nephrophyllidium crista-galli.jpg

|genus = Nephrophyllidium

|parent_authority = Gilg 1895

|species = crista-galli

|authority = (Menz. ex Hook.) Gilg

|synonyms =

• Fauria {{au|Franch.}}
• Menyanthes crista-galli {{au|Menzies ex Hook.}}

}}

Nephrophyllidium is a monotypic genus of aquatic flowering plants in the family Menyanthaceae. The sole species is Nephrophyllidium crista-galli. They are wetland plants with basal reniform and crenate leaves. Flowers are five-parted and white, and the petals are adorned with lateral wings and a midline keel. Nephrophyllidium is most nearly related to Menyanthes, which is very similar in habit. The genus name is derived from the kidney-shaped leaves ({{langx|el|nephros}} = kidney and phyllon = leaf), and the specific epithet refers to the curled petal edges ({{langx|la|crista galli}} = cockscomb).

Nephrophyllidium crista-galli is found in the Pacific Northwest of America, and in Japan, where it can be called subspecies japonicum (Franch.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi. Nephrophyllidium is commonly known as deer cabbage.{{Cite book |last=Kruckeberg |first=Arthur R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrcXDAAAQBAJ |title=Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest: Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged |date=2001-10-01 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-98101-7 |pages=172 |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=E-Flora BC Atlas Page |url=http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Fauria%20crista-galli |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=linnet.geog.ubc.ca}}

The IAPT determined that a prior synonym for the genus, Fauria Franch., too closely resembled the genus Faurea (Proteaceae), and thus conserved Nephrophyllidium as the accepted genus name.