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Nesomyinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of rodents}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Malagasy rodents

| fossil_range = Middle Miocene - Recent

| image = Malagasy Giant Rat (Hypogeomys antimena).jpg

| image_caption = The Malagasy giant rat Hypogeomys antimena has a body length of {{convert|30|-|35|cm|in|abbr=on}}.

| taxon = Nesomyinae

| authority = Forsyth Major, 1897

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = Brachytarsomys

Brachyuromys

Eliurus

Gymnuromys

Hypogeomys

Macrotarsomys

Monticolomys

Nesomys

Voalavo

}}

The Malagasy rodents are the sole members of the subfamily Nesomyinae.{{MSW3 Muroidea | id = 13000114 | page = 947}} These animals are the only native rodents of Madagascar, come in many shapes and sizes, and occupy a wide variety of ecological niches. There are nesomyines that resemble gerbils, rats, mice, voles, and even rabbits. There are arboreal, terrestrial, and semi-fossorial varieties.

These rodents are clearly most closely related to some muroid rodents found on the African mainland. Some molecular phylogeneticists consider this clade of Malagasy and African rodents to represent a distinct family, the Nesomyidae. Other researchers place the Nesomyinae into a large family, Muridae, along with all members of the superfamily Muroidea.

It has been reported that the Nesomyinae is not monophyletic,{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002 | last1 = Jansa | first1 = S.A. | last2 = Weksler | first2 = M. | title = Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 256–276 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15019624| bibcode = 2004MolPE..31..256J }} but this has not been supported in other analyses. Additionally, there were problems with this particular study, notably the use of Calomyscus as an outgroup while more distantly related muroids (rhyzomyines) were included in the ingroup. It seems likely that all rodents in Madagascar are descendants from a single invasion of the island.

If monophyletic, the nesomyines represent one of only four colonization events of terrestrial mammals from mainland Africa. The other groups are tenrecs, lemurs and Malagasy carnivorans. Molecular clock analyses suggest that the ancestor of the nesomyines colonized Madagascar about 20-25 million years ago.{{Cite journal

| last = Poux | first = C. |author2=Madsen, O. |author3=Marquard, E. |author4=Vieites, D. R. |author5=de Jong, W. W. |author6=Vences, M.

| title = Asynchronous colonization of Madagascar by the four endemic clades of primates, tenrecs, carnivores, and rodents as inferred from nuclear genes

| journal = Systematic Biology

| volume = 54 | issue = 5 | pages = 719–730 | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2005

| pmid = 16243759 | doi = 10.1080/10635150500234534| doi-access = free| hdl = 2066/33251| hdl-access = free}} This is at approximately the same time as the Malagasy carnivorans, but is considerably more recent than the estimated colonization times of tenrecs and lemurs.

Nesomyinae contains 9 genera and 27 species.

Taxonomy

Subfamily Nesomyinae - Malagasy rodents

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00267.x | last1 = Jansa | first1 = S. A. | last2 = Goodman | first2 = S. M. | last3 = Tucker | first3 = P. K. | year = 1999 | title = Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the native rodents of Madagascar (Muridae, Nesomyinae): a test of the single origin hypothesis | url = http://miranda.ecologia.unam.mx/~achaos/Biogeografia/Articulos/RoedoresMalgaches.pdf | journal = Cladistics | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 253–270 | pmid = 34902950 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722230357/http://miranda.ecologia.unam.mx/~achaos/Biogeografia/Articulos/RoedoresMalgaches.pdf | archive-date = 2011-07-22 | hdl = 2027.42/72349 | s2cid = 221576293 | hdl-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002 | last1 = Jansa | first1 = S. A. | last2 = Weksler | first2 = M. | year = 2004 | title = Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences | url = http://static.msi.umn.edu/rreports/2004/81.pdf | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 256–276 | pmid = 15019624 | bibcode = 2004MolPE..31..256J | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720092736/http://static.msi.umn.edu/rreports/2004/81.pdf | archive-date = 2011-07-20 }}
  • {{cite journal | last1 = Michaux | first1 = J. | last2 = Reyes | first2 = A. | last3 = Catzeflis | first3 = F. | year = 2001 | title = Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 18 | issue = 11| pages = 2017–31 | pmid = 11606698 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743| doi-access = free | url = https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/77213/1/MBE%20muroids.pdf }}
  • Nowak, R. M. 1999. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7W-DGRILSBoC Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2]. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
  • {{cite journal | doi = 10.1080/10635150490468701 | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. J. | last2 = Adkins | first2 = R. A. | last3 = Anderson | first3 = J. | year = 2004 | title = Phylogeny and divergence date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 53 | issue = 4| pages = 533–553 | pmid = 15371245 }}

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Category:Endemic fauna of Madagascar

Category:Mammal subfamilies

Category:Taxa named by Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major