Nethercote, Banbury
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{infobox UK place
|official_name= Nethercote
|coordinates = {{coord|52.0676|-1.3050|display=inline,title}}
|os_grid_reference= SP47514138
|population=
|population_ref=
|civil_parish=Banbury
|shire_district= Cherwell
|shire_county= Oxfordshire
|region= South East England
|country= England
|constituency_westminster= Banbury
|post_town= Banbury
|postcode_district= OX17
|postcode_area= OX
|dial_code= 01295
|london_distance= {{convert|77|mi}}
|website=
}}
Nethercote is a hamlet in the civil parish of Banbury in Oxfordshire, England. It lies close to the border with West Northamptonshire. The hamlet sits south-east of junction 11 of the M40, south of the A422 and east of the M40. Predominantly agricultural land used for grazing, a single-track road runs right through the hamlet, known as Banbury Lane, which has around a dozen residential properties along the lane. Banbury Lane is still often referred to as Blacklocks Hill and this refers to the history of the area and a time when this area saw a main route into Banbury, before the M40 and A422.{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: Introduction {{!}} OS Map 1888-1913|url=https://www.archiuk.com/cgi-bin/build_nls_historic_map.pl?map_location=ox17%202bl%20OX172BL%20in%20Banbury&search_location=OX17%202BL,%20OX172BL%20in%20Banbury,%20Cherwell,%20South%20Northamptonshire,%20Stratford-on-Avon,%20Oxfordshire,%20England&os_series=1&is_sub=&pwd=&latitude=52.070559&longitude=-1.307175&postcode=ox17%202bl}}
History
The name Nethercote is thought to have derived from the proximity to Warkworth. The word Nethercote is derived from the Middle English words “nether(e)” meaning “lower” and “cot” meaning cottage.
There is some evidence of a deserted medieval village at Nethercote, lying to the south of the modern hamlet.{{cite web |title=Site of Nethercote DMV (Deserted Medieval Village) |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MOX26804&resourceID=1033 |website=Heritage Gateway |publisher=Oxfordshire Historic Environment Record |access-date=15 December 2024}}
The hamlet of Huscote lay north of Nethercote.{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: History {{!}} British History|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/northants/vol4/pp161-162}} Today, there only remains a farm in that area. There are 35 tree preservation orders on Huscote Farm today.{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: History {{!}} Cherwell Conservation Areas|url=https://cherwell.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=79616c90743d4da98b291ebd1683fe50&extent=445299.2065%2C240381.7647%2C447839.2116%2C241534.0275%2C27700}}
Throughout the Middle Ages until the mid-eighteenth century, Nethercote and the neighbouring hamlets of Grimsbury and Huscote were the centre of Banbury's cheese making trade. The cheese was made from local resources and much prized at the time, although there is little mention of it by the nineteenth century.{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: History {{!}} Cherwell District Council History of Grimsbury|url=http://modgov.cherwell.gov.uk/Data/Executive/20061106/Agenda/08a%20Grimsbury%20appraisal%20DND.pdf}}
Klaus Fuchs is said to have handed over the secret formula of the atom bomb to a Russian spy on a bench in Nethercote in 1945.{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: History {{!}} The History of the Villages of Overthorpe and Warkworth in Northamptonshire|url=http://overthorpe.org/images/assets/Misc/The_Ancient_and_Noble_Seat_S_Rutherford-Edge.pdf}}
=Administrative history=
Nethercote and the neighbouring hamlet of Grimsbury formed part of the ancient parish of Banbury. The parish historically straddled the boundary between Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire, which followed the River Cherwell; most of the parish was west of the river in Oxfordshire, but Nethercote and Grimsbury were in Northamptonshire, being east of the river.{{cite book |title=History, Gazetteer and Directory of the County of Oxford |date=1852 |publisher=Robert Gardner |location=Peterborough |pages=429–431 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/History_Gazetteer_and_Directory_of_the_C/edVUAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA431&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 December 2024}}{{cite book |editor1-last=Crossley |editor1-first=Alan |title=A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 10 |date=1972 |publisher=Victoria County History |location=London |pages=5–18 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol10/pp5-18 |access-date=14 December 2024 |chapter=Banbury: Introduction}} For the purposes of administering the poor laws from the 17th century onwards, the Northamptonshire part of Banbury parish, including Nethercote, was jointly administered with the neighbouring parish of Warkworth.{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Samuel |title=A Topographical Dictionary of England: Volume 1 |date=1835 |page=135 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_Topographical_Dictionary_of_England/D4ZFiJK8QucC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PP135&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 December 2024}} In 1866 the legal definition of 'parish' was changed to be the areas used for administering the poor laws,{{cite book |last1=Youngs |first1=Frederic |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England |date=1979 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn=0901050679 |page=xvi}}{{cite book |title=A collection of the public general statutes passed in the twenty-ninth and thirtieth years of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria |date=1866 |location=London |pages=574–577 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVYMAQAAMAAJ&dq=Poor+Law+Amendment+Act+1866&pg=PA574 |publisher=Google Books |access-date=6 November 2021 |chapter=Poor Law Amendment Act 1866 (29 & 30 Victoria, c. 113)}} and so Nethercote was thereafter part of the civil parish of Warkworth, whilst remaining part of the ecclesiastical parish of Banbury.{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/983690|title=Descriptive gazetteer entry for Nethercote|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=25 November 2021}}
Nethercote was included in the parliamentary borough (constituency) of Banbury from 1832.{{cite book |title=Parliamentary Boundaries Act |date=1832 |page=353 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Statutes_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Gr/Uq0uAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA353&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 December 2024}}{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: History {{!}} British History Online|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol10/pp5-18|access-date=2021-11-20|website=www.british-history.ac.uk}} Nethercote was also included in the Banbury local board district from the district's creation in 1852, with the local board being responsible for various local government functions including sewers and public health.{{cite book |title=A Collection of the Public General Statutes passed in the Twenty-Third and Twenty-Fourth Years of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria |date=1860 |publisher=Eyre and Spottiswoode |location=London |page=276 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Statutes_at_Large_37_v_A_collection_of_t/yJFKAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA276&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 December 2024}}{{cite book |editor1-last=Crossley |editor1-first=Alan |title=A History of the County of Oxford |date=1972 |publisher=Victoria County History |location=London |pages=71–89 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol10/pp71-89 |access-date=13 December 2024 |chapter=Banbury: Local Government}} The Northamptonshire parts of the Banbury local board district, including Nethercote, were transferred from Northamptonshire to Oxfordshire in 1889.{{cite book |title=Annual Report of the Local Government Board |date=1889 |page=xliv |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Annual_Report_of_the_Local_Government_Bo/7BUwAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR44&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 December 2024}} Later that year, the municipal borough of Banbury was enlarged to cover the whole of the local board district, and the local board's functions were transferred to the borough council.{{cite web |title=Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 15) Act 1889 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/52-53/116/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=14 December 2024}}{{cite book |title=Annual Report of the Local Government Board |date=1890 |page=342 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Annual_Report_of_the_Local_Government_Bo/lRUwAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA342&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 December 2024}}
The 1889 reforms did not affect civil parish boundaries, and so after 1889 Warkworth parish straddled Northamptonshire and the borough of Banbury in Oxfordshire. The Local Government Act 1894 directed that parishes could no longer straddle borough or county boundaries, and so a new civil parish of Grimsbury was created in 1894 from the part of Warkworth parish within the borough; Nethercote was part of the new Grimsbury civil parish.{{cite book |title=Annual Report of the Local Government Board |date=1895 |page=271 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Annual_Report_of_the_Local_Government_Bo/gFIwAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA271&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 December 2024}} As an urban parish, Grimsbury was directly administered by the borough council rather than having its own parish council. The civil parish of Grimsbury was abolished in 1932 when the three parishes within the borough were united into a single parish of Banbury covering the same area as the borough.{{cite book |last1=Youngs |first1=Frederic |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England |date=1979 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn=0901050679 |page=391}}{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10330750|title=Relationships and changes Grimsbury CP/Tg through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=6 April 2024}}
Heritage
Home Farmhouse in Nethercote is a Grade II Listed Building.{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: Home Farmhouse {{!}} Historic England|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1200143}}
There are currently twenty two Tree preservation orders made on trees in Nethercote.
Recreation and Access To Green Space
As well as Banbury Lane itself, there are numerous public footpaths running through Nethercote.{{Cite web|title=Nethercote: Recreation and Access To Green Space {{!}} Public Rights Of Way; Oxfordshire|url=https://publicrightsofway.oxfordshire.gov.uk/standardmap.aspx}}
Road Traffic Orders
In 2004, Thames Valley Police raised a road traffic order preventing vehicular access to the hamlet from the A422.