Neutral and Non-Aligned European States
{{Short description|Political history of Austria}}
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization
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NN States
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Neutral and {{colour box|8BC870}} Non-Aligned European States
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| population_estimate = ~ 47,800,000
| population_estimate_year = 1971
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Neutral and Non-Aligned European States, sometimes known by abbreviation NN states,{{cite book |author1=Håkan Wiberg |chapter=Neutral and Non-Aligned States in Europe and NOD |editor1=Bjorn Moller |title=Non-offensive Defence For The Twenty-first Century |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 9780429039300 |pages= |date=1994}}{{cite book |author= Tvrtko Jakovina |author-link= Tvrtko Jakovina |date=2011|title=Treća strana Hladnog rata |publisher=Fraktura |isbn=978-953-266-203-0 }} was a Cold War era informal grouping of states in Europe which were neither part of NATO nor Warsaw Pact but were either neutral or members of the Non-Aligned Movement. The group brought together neutral countries of Austria, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland on one, and non-aligned SFR Yugoslavia, Cyprus and Malta on the other hand, all of which together shared interest in preservation of their independent non-bloc position with regard to NATO, European Community, Warsaw Pact and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.{{cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Thomas |last2=Aunesluoma |first2=Juhana| last3=Makko|first3=Aryo |date=2016 |title=Neutrality and Nonalignment in World Politics during the Cold War |url=https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS_a_00677 |journal=Journal of Cold War Studies |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=4–11 |doi= 10.1162/JCWS_a_00677|jstor= |s2cid= }} Established and comparatively highly developed European neutral countries perceived cooperation with non-aligned countries (particularly with SFR Yugoslavia as one of the leaders of the group) as a way to advocate for peace, disarmament and superpowers' restraint more forcefully than their limited earlier cooperation would permit.{{cite journal |last=Hakovirta |first=Harto |date=1983 |title=Effects of Non-Alignment on Neutrality in Europe: An Analysis and Appraisal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45083856 |journal=Cooperation and Conflict |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=57–75 |doi= 10.1177/001083678301800105|jstor= 45083856|s2cid= }}
The group cooperated within the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in trying to preserve the results of the Helsinki Accords.{{cite journal |last1=Martinović |first1=S. |date=1983 |title=Foreign Policy of Yugoslavia |journal=Pakistan Horizon |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=28–31 |jstor=41394717 }} In this framework, Yugoslavia cooperated with Austria and Finland on mediation between blocs, organized a second CSCE summit in 1977 in Belgrade and proposed drafts on national minorities protection which are still valid and integral parts of OSCE provisions on minority rights.{{cite web |url=https://www.sylff.org/news_voices/23943/ |title=An Almost Forgotten Legacy: Non-Aligned Yugoslavia in the United Nations and in the Making of Contemporary International Law |last=Trültzsch |first=Arno }}
See also
- Declaration of Neutrality
- Austria–NATO relations
- Finlandization
- Finland–NATO relations
- Swedish neutrality
- Sweden–NATO relations
- Swiss neutrality
- Switzerland–NATO relations
- Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
- Balkan Pact
- Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement
- Cyprus–NATO relations
- Malta and the Non-Aligned Movement
- Malta–NATO relations
- 1995 enlargement of the European Union
- 2004 enlargement of the European Union
- Neutral member states in the European Union
- Partnership for Peace
- European microstates
- Operation Gladio
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book |editor1=Hanna Ojanen |title=Neutrality and non-alignment in Europe today |publisher=Finnish Institute of International Affairs |isbn= 951-769-151-3 |pages= |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/10696/fiia_neutrality.pdf |date=2003}}
- {{cite book |editor1=Mark Kramer |editor2=Aryo Makko |editor3=Peter Ruggenthaler |title=The Soviet Union and Cold War Neutrality and Nonalignment in Europe |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn= 9781793631930 |pages= |url= |date=2021}}
- {{cite book |editor1=S. Victor Papacosma |editor2=Mark R. Rubin |title=Europe's neutral and nonaligned states: between NATO and the Warsaw Pact |publisher=Wilmington |isbn= 0842022694 |pages= |url= |date=1989}}
External links
- {{Commonscatinline|Neutral and Non-Aligned European States}}
{{Cold War}}
{{Foreign relations of Austria}}
{{Foreign relations of Cyprus}}
{{Foreign relations of Finland}}
{{Foreign relations of Malta}}
{{Foreign relations of Sweden}}
{{Foreign relations of Switzerland}}
{{Foreign relations of Yugoslavia}}
Category:Foreign relations of Europe
Category:Political history of Austria
Category:Political history of Cyprus
Category:Political history of Finland
Category:Political history of Malta
Category:Political history of Sweden
Category:Political history of Switzerland
Category:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia
Category:Diplomatic umbrella groups
Category:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe