Neutron triple-axis spectrometry
{{Primary|date=December 2023}}
{{Science with neutrons}}
Triple-axis spectrometry (TAS, three axis spectroscopy) is a technique used in conjunction with inelastic neutron scattering. The instrument is referred to as triple-axis spectrometer (also called TAS). It allows measurement of the scattering function at any point in energy and momentum space physically accessible by the spectrometer.
History
The triple-axis spectrometry method was first developed by Bertram Brockhouse at the National Research Experimental NRX reactor at the Chalk River Laboratories in Canada. The first results from the prototype triple-axis spectrometer were published in January 1955 and the first true triple-axis spectrometer was built in 1956. Bertram Brockhouse shared the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physics for this development, which allowed elementary excitations, such as phonons and magnons, to be observed directly. The Nobel citation was "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter" and "for the development of neutron spectroscopy".
TAS instruments in current use
= FRM-II Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz =
{{Main article|FRM-II}}
- PANDA – a cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer.
- PUMA – a thermal neutron triple-axis spectrometer with multianalyser-detector option.
- TRISP – a thermal neutron triple-axis spin echo spectrometer.
- KOMPASS – a cold triple-axis spectrometer with polarization analysis
- MIRA – a cold triple-axis spectrometer
= Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie =
{{Main article|Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie}}
- FLEX – a cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer with optional neutron resonance spin echo mode.{{cite web|url=http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/pubbin/igama_output?modus=einzel&sprache=en&gid=1710&typoid=8542|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116142053/http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/pubbin/igama_output?modus=einzel&sprache=en&gid=1710&typoid=8542|archive-date=2016-01-16|title=
Cold Neutron 3-Axis Spectrometer (FLEXX) |url-status=dead}}
- E1 – a thermal neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarization analysis.{{cite web|url=http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/pubbin/igama_output?modus=einzel&sprache=en&gid=1709&typoid=8542|title=Thermal Neutron 3-Axis Spectrometer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002040/http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/pubbin/igama_output?modus=einzel&sprache=en&gid=1709&typoid=8542|archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead}}
= Paul Scherrer Institut =
{{Main article|Paul Scherrer Institut}}
- RITA-II – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219090106/http://spectroscopy.web.psi.ch/rita2/|url=http://spectroscopy.web.psi.ch/rita2/ |title= RITA II |archive-date=2007-02-19}}
- TASP – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarization analysis and neutron spherical polarimetry.{{Cite web|url=https://www.psi.ch/en/sinq/tasp|title=TASP | TASP | Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)|website=www.psi.ch}}
- EIGER – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{Cite web|url=https://www.psi.ch/en/sinq/eiger|title=EIGER | EIGER | Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)|website=www.psi.ch}}
= Institut Laue-Langevin =
{{Main article|Institut Laue-Langevin}}
- IN1 – a hot-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061124041527/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN1/|title=Hot-neutron triple-axis spectrometer|archive-date=November 24, 2006|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN1/|url-status=dead}}
- IN3 – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer for tests.{{cite web|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN3/|title= IN3 - thermal neutron three-axis spectrometer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000902172356/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN3/|archive-date=2000-09-02|url-status=dead}}
- IN8 – a high-flux thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{cite web|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN8/|title=IN8 thermal neutron three-axis spectrometer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010714115407/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN8/|archive-date=2001-07-14|url-status=dead}}
- IN12 – a cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{cite web|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN12/|title=CRG - cold neutron three-axis spectrometer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010514031709/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN12/|archive-date=2001-05-14|url-status=dead}}
- IN14 – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarized neutron capability.{{cite web|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN14/|title=IN14 cold neutron three-axis spectrometer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001218055100/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN14/|archive-date=2000-12-18|url-status=dead}}
- IN20 – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarized neutron capability.{{cite web|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN20/|title=IN20 thermal neutron three-axis spectrometer with polarization analysis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010514032511/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN20/|archive-date=2001-05-14|url-status=dead}}
- IN22 – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarized neutron capability.{{cite web|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN22/|title=IN22 thermal neutron three-axis spectrometer with polarization analysis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010514032840/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/IN22/|archive-date=2001-05-14|url-status=dead}}
- D10 – a thermal-neutron four-circle diffractometer with a triple-axis energy analysis option.{{cite web|url=http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/D10/|title=D10 four-circle diffractometer with three-axis energy analysis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430223055/http://www.ill.fr/YellowBook/D10/|archive-date=2001-04-30|url-status=dead}}
= CEA/Saclay Laboratoire Léon Brillouin =
{{Main article|Commissariat à l'énergie atomique}}
- 1T-1 – a double-focusing thermal neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{cite web|url=http://www-llb.cea.fr/spectros/pdf/1t1-llb.pdf|title=1 T1 Double Focusing Thermal Triple Axis Spectrometer|year=2003|pp=67-68}}
- 2T-1 – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{cite web|url=http://www-llb.cea.fr/spectros/pdf/2t1-llb.pdf|title=2 T1 Thermal Neutron Triple Axis Spectrometer|year=2003|pp=69-70}}
- 4F-1 – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{cite web|url=http://www-llb.cea.fr/spectros/pdf/4f1-llb.pdf|title=4 F 1 Cold Neutron Three Axis Spectrometer|year=2003|pp=71-72}}
- 4F-2 – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{cite web|url=http://www-llb.cea.fr/spectros/pdf/4f2-llb.pdf|title=4 F 2 Cold Neutron Three Axis Spectrometer|year=2003|pp=73-74}}
= NIST Center for Neutron Research =
{{Main article|NIST}}
- SPINS – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarized neutron capability.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncnr.nist.gov/instruments/spins/|title=Spin Polarized Inelastic Neutron Spectrometer (SPINS)|website=www.ncnr.nist.gov}}
- BT-7 – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarized neutron capability.{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt-7-double-focusing-triple-axis-spectrometer|title=BT-7 Double Focusing Triple-Axis Spectrometer|date=December 19, 2018|journal=NIST|via=www.nist.gov}}
- MACS – a high-flux cold-neutron multi-axis spectrometer.{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/chrns-macs-multi-axis-crystal-spectrometer|title=CHRNS MACS - The Multi-Axis Crystal Spectrometer|date=April 2, 2019|journal=NIST|via=www.nist.gov}}
= ORNL HFIR =
{{Main article|ORNL|HFIR}}
- CTAX – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{Cite web|url=https://neutrons.ornl.gov/ctax|title=Cold Neutron Triple-Axis Spectrometer | Neutron Science at ORNL|website=neutrons.ornl.gov}}
- PTAX(HB1) – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer specifically designed for polarized neutron measurements.{{Cite web|url=https://neutrons.ornl.gov/ptax|title=Polarized Triple-Axis Spectrometer | Neutron Science at ORNL|website=neutrons.ornl.gov}}
- FIETAX (HB1A) – a fixed incident energy thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{Cite web|url=https://neutrons.ornl.gov/veritas|title=Versatile Intense Triple-Axis Spectrometer | Neutron Science at ORNL|website=neutrons.ornl.gov}}
- TAX (HB3) – a high-flux thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{Cite web|url=https://neutrons.ornl.gov/tax|title=Triple-Axis Spectrometer | Neutron Science at ORNL|website=neutrons.ornl.gov}}
= ANSTO Bragg Institute =
{{Main article|ANSTO}}
- TAIPAN – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarized neutron capability and beryllium-filter option.{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514192618/http://www.ansto.gov.au/research/bragg_institute/facilities/instruments/taipan|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/research/bragg_institute/facilities/instruments/taipan|title=ANSTO | Taipan|archive-date=May 14, 2009}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/ResearchHub/Bragg/Facilities/Instruments/Taipan/Beryllium-FilterOption/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061815/https://www.ansto.gov.au/ResearchHub/Bragg/Facilities/Instruments/Taipan/Beryllium-FilterOption/index.htm|archive-date=2013-05-12|title=Beryllium Filter Option}}
- SIKA – a cold-neutron triple-axis spectrometer with polarized neutron capability.{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514191918/http://www.ansto.gov.au/research/bragg_institute/facilities/instruments/sika|url=http://www.ansto.gov.au/research/bragg_institute/facilities/instruments/sika|title=ANSTO | Sika|archive-date=May 14, 2009}}
= MURR University of Missouri Research Reactor=
- Triax – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer.{{Cite web|url=https://www.murr.missouri.edu/research/material-sciences/|title=MU Research Reactor - Material Sciences}}
References
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External links
- [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1994/ Nobelprize.org page for the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physics]