New York, Ukraine

At the end of the 18th century, Catherine the Great completed the Russian conquest of the region. She built new towns and founded the Novorossiya Governorate. Catherine and her successors invited German settlers, especially Mennonites, to develop the conquered lands. After the destruction of the Sich in 1775, Zaporozhian Cossacks and mercenaries from the Balkans also settled in the region in order to secure the steps of the empire. In the 1830s, Tsar Nicholas I donated a vast territory to the count {{ill|Pavel Ignatiev (general){{!}}Pavel Ignatiev|ru|Игнатьев, Павел Николаевич (генерал)}}. The way the region developed is not known.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

The origin of the name of the town remains a mystery that is the subject of many local legends. It could have come from an entrepreneur or local dignitary, who would have settled from the United States or who would have had as a partner an American citizen from New York City.{{Cite news |last1=Ackermann |first1=Niels |last2=Gobert |first2=Sébastien |title=The other New York: the small Ukrainian town fighting to recover its historic name |work=The Calvert Journal |url=https://www.calvertjournal.com/features/show/12645/new-york-ukraine-small-town-fighting-recover-historic-name |access-date=2023-02-23}} Another explanation refers to the city of Jork, in northern Germany, where Mennonite settlers have come from.{{Cite web|date=2021-02-13|url=https://hromadske.ua/posts/nash-milij-nyu-jork-yak-selishe-na-donechchini-byetsya-za-uvagu-ta-investiciyi|title=Наш милий Нью-Йорк|language=ru}} The local historian Viktor Kovalov thus believes that the name of the locality may have corresponded to "Neu Jork" (new Jork) and evolved over time. It may also be the result of a transliteration error from the Latin alphabet to the Cyrillic alphabet.{{Cite book |last1=Ackermann |first1=Niels |title=New York, Ukraine |last2=Gobert |first2=Sébastien |publisher=Editions Noir sur Blanc |year=2021 |isbn=978-2-88250-711-2 |location=Lausanne |language=Fr}} The establishment of the Mennonites officially dates back to 1889, however, whereas the name Niu-York predates it.

Another suggested etymology recalls that names with a famous evocation were frequent in the region in the 19th century. Historical maps show a "Swiss farm" near Druzhkivka or a hamlet called "Carthage" around Soledar.{{Cite web |date=2020-11-03 |title=Соледар "не для чайників": 3 факти про місто соляників, яких ви могли не знати |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/soledar-ne-dlia-chainykiv-3-fakty-pro-misto-solianykiv-iakykh-vy-mohly-ne-znaty/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Вільне радіо}} Also, historian Viktor Kovalov does not rule out the possibility of a joke.

New York first appeared on maps in 1846. The first official mention of the name of New York ({{Lang|uk|Нью-Йорк}}) dates back to 1859 as one of the results of the census of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate, then part of the Russian Empire. The 1859 census confirmed that the locality then had 13 households, 45 men, 40 women, and a factory.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTZOAAAAcAAJ&dq=%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%AF+%D0%93%D0%A3%D0%91.+-+III.+%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%97%D0%94%D0%AA+%D0%91%D0%90%D0%A5%D0%9C%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%86%D0%99.&pg=PA49 |title=Spiski naselennych měst Rossijskoj Imperii, sostavlennye i izdavaemye Central'nym Statističeskim Komitetom Ministerstva Vnutrennych Děl |date=1863 |publisher=Vul'f |language=ru |page=48}}

In 1889, Mennonites from the colony of Chortitza (today Zaporizhzhia) acquired a piece of land and founded a factory. Named after its owner and chief engineer, Jakob Niebuhr, it was completed in 1894. In 1892, Mennonites formed the colony of New York from seven settlements.{{in lang|uk}} [https://hromadske.ua/posts/nash-milij-nyu-jork-yak-selishe-na-donechchini-byetsya-za-uvagu-ta-investiciyi Our dear New York. As a village in the Donetsk region, it fights for attention and investment], Hromadske.TV (13 February 2021) The industrialization of New York was accompanied by the construction of a north-south railway line. At the turn of the 20th century, the colony had electricity, a telegraph, a bank, a hotel, a bookstore, a school for girls and for boys.

In 1916, New York was chosen to host a new naphthalene production plant. Despite the revolution of February 1917, the factory came into operation in July 1917.{{cn|date=August 2023}} In the context of rising tensions between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, the Mennonite German population was expelled to the Far East, where they founded the settlement {{ill|Lugovoye, Konstantinovsky District, Amur Oblast|lt=Lugovoye|ru|Луговое (Константиновский район)}}. In 1938, New York received rural settlement status.

During World War II, New York was occupied by Nazi German forces from October 1941 until September 1943. The Petrovsk Machinery Plant (formerly Niebuhr) was transported and rebuilt in Soviet Kazakhstan. The phenol plant was moved to the Moscow region. The two factories were relocated back to New York after the conflict.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

On October 19, 1951, in the context of the Cold War, an ukase (decree) of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ordered the change of name to Novhorodske (literally translated as "of new city" and may also be seen as an adjective from "Novgorod").{{Cite web |date=2018-06-20 |title=Нью-Йорк, з якого видно Горлівку. Німецьке селище в "сірій зоні" показує себе і свою історію - Новинарня |url=https://novynarnia.com/2018/06/20/nyu-york-z-yakogo-vidno-gorlivku-nimetske-selishhe-v-siriy-zoni-pokazuye-sebe-i-svoyu-istoriyu/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=novynarnia.com |language=uk}} During Soviet industrialization, industry developed in the settlement. The Dzerzhinsky phenol plant was completed and modernized, and the Novgorod Machine-Building Plant – named after Grigory Petrovsky – was built.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, workshops and other buildings were sold out; various production facilities were organized in some, others were mothballed; three workshops were dismantled for building materials.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

File:La maison allemande en cours de reconstruction à New York Ukraine en 2019.jpg

File:Destructions in New York after Russian bombing, 2024-01-15 (01).jpg

As part of the war in Donbas, which began in mid-April 2014, the fighting caused civilian and military casualties. On 8 November 2016, a civilian was killed by shelling.{{cite web |title=Сводные данные АТО – 09 ноября – Информационно-аналитический центр |url=http://mediarnbo.org/2016/11/09/svodnyie-dannyie-ato-09-noyabrya/?lang=ru |publisher=Информационно-аналитический центр национальной безопасности Украины |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=9 November 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109232033/http://mediarnbo.org/2016/11/09/svodnyie-dannyie-ato-09-noyabrya/?lang=ru | archive-date=9 November 2016 }} According to Mykola Lenko, who was mayor, 16 residents lost their lives between 2014 and 2021.

In 2019, a former house of the German colony was restored and transformed into an exhibition, cultural and artistic hub.{{Cite news |last1=Донбас.Реалії |last2=Горбатенко |first2=Сергій |date=2021-04-08 |title=Самый активный поселок на фронте: на Донбассе открыли хаб в доме немецких магнатов |language=uk |work=Радіо Свобода |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/hab-ukrainskij-new-york-novgorodskoe/31193531.html |access-date=2023-02-23}}

In the wave of name changes required by the nationwide decommunization laws of 2015, the City Council validated the return to New York.{{Cite web |title=Як живеться Нью-Йорку в степу донецькому? |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/2815916-ak-zivetsa-nujorku-v-stepu-doneckomu.html |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |date=11 November 2019 |language=uk}} The request to change the name to New York that was submitted by the civil-military administration of Donetsk Oblast was finally approved by the Committee of the Ukrainian parliament on the organization of state power, local self-government, regional development and urban planning on 3 February 2021.{{Cite web |title=Україні повернуть Нью-Йорк. Це підтримав комітет Ради |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/02/3/7282210/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Українська правда |language=uk}}{{in lang|uk}} [https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/events/nyu-york-na-donbasi-profilniy-komitet-radi-virishiv-pereymenuvati-selishche-novini-ukrajini-50139518.html "The last step remains." The Council Committee supported the renaming of one of the settlements in the Donbas to New York], {{ill|NV (magazine)|uk|НВ}} (3 February 2021) On 1 July, the Ukrainian parliament renamed the city.{{cite web |title=Ukrainian town renamed 'New York' |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-renames-town-new-york/a-58130860}}[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/new-york-ukraines-frontline-parliament-backs-towns-name-change-2021-07-02/ New York on Ukraine's frontline: parliament backs town's name change], Reuters (2 July 2021){{Cite web |title=Parliament renames Novhorodske village in Donetsk region to New York |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3273537-parliament-renames-novhorodske-village-in-donetsk-region-to-new-york.html |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=July 2021 |language=en}}

The formal restoration of the city's name launched a wave of cultural events. On the initiative of the Ukrainian writer Victoria Amelina, whose husband had roots in the settlement, the first "Ukrainian New York literature festival" was held in October.{{Cite news |last1=Донбас.Реалії |last2=Горбатенко |first2=Сергій |date=2021-10-05 |title=По маршруту "Львов – Нью-Йорк": как литературный фестиваль прививал Донетчину от "русского мира" |language=uk |work=Радіо Свобода |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/new-york-literaturnij-festival/31492305.html |access-date=2023-02-23}} The "New York marathon", inspired by the American event, brought together several dozens of participants at the beginning of November.{{Cite news |last=Донбас.Реалії |date=2021-11-08 |title=Нью-Йоркський марафон вперше пробігли по лінії фронту |language=uk |work=Радіо Свобода |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/new-york-marathon/31551507.html |access-date=2023-02-23}}

{{See also|Battle of Toretsk}}

As part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the phenol factory was bombed on 5 April 2022. Many inhabitants were evacuated.{{Cite news |last=Слабінська |first=Юлія |date=2023-02-20 |title=Як відбувається евакуація людей з лінії фронту |language=uk-UA |work=Суспільне {{!}} Новини |url=https://suspilne.media/391670-vivezli-rodinu-z-ditmi-ta-poranenu-zinku-ak-vidbuvaetsa-evakuacia-ludej-z-linii-frontu/ |access-date=2023-02-23}} Another bombing of the plant occurred on 16 June 2023.{{Cite news|url= https://espreso.tv/rf-vdarila-po-fenolnomu-zavodu-v-nyu-yorku-na-donechchini-odnomu-z-naybilshikh-u-sviti-virobnikiv-koksokhimichnoi-produktsii|date=2023-06-16|title=РФ вдарила по фенольному заводу в Нью-Йорку на Донеччині – одному з найбільших у світі виробників коксохімічної продукції}} The city was again hit by missiles on 18 March 2023,{{Cite news |last=Petrenko |first=Roman |date=2023-03-18 |title=Russian forces hit Ukrainian New-York with missile, causing destruction |language=en |work=Ukrainska Pravda |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/03/18/7394040/ |access-date=2023-03-18}} and 15 January 2024.{{cite web |url=https://suspilne.media/662916-patero-ludej-pid-zavalami-u-nu-jorku-na-doneccini-ratuvalno-posukova-operacia-prizupinena-v-comu-pricina/ |title=П'ятеро людей під завалами. У Нью-Йорку на Донеччині рятувально-пошукова операція призупинена. В чому причина |date=2024-01-16 |publisher=Suspilne}}

As part of an offensive to capture Toretsk, Russian troops entered New York on 3 July 2024 and advanced inside its southern area, reaching the central portion of the settlement the following day.{{Cite web |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 4, 2024 |last1=Kagan |first1=Frederick W. |last2=Evans |first2=Angelica |last3=Bailey |first3=Riley |last4=Hird |first4=Karolina |last5=Wolkov |first5=Nicole |work=Institute for the Study of War |date=4 July 2024 |access-date=4 July 2024 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-july-4-2024 |quote=Russian milbloggers claimed on July 3 and 4 that Russian forces broke through Ukrainian defenses and advanced into the southwestern outskirts of Niu York}} At the same time, Russia advanced in other nearby satellite settlements of Toretsk.{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 9, 2024 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-july-9-2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710042233/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-july-9-2024 |archive-date=10 July 2024 |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Institute for the Study of War}} On 18 August, Russian sources claimed that the town had been completely captured,{{Cite web |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 18, 2024 |last1=Bailey |first1=Riley |last2=Mappes |first2=Grace |last3=Wolkov |first3=Nicole |last4=Harward |first4=Christina |last5=Kagan |first5=Frederick W. |last6=Gasparyan |first6=Davit |work=Institute for the Study of War |date=18 August 2024 |access-date=18 August 2024 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-18-2024 }} which the Russian defence ministry formally claimed on 20 August.{{Cite web |title=Moscow Says Captured Town of New York in Eastern Ukraine |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/08/20/moscow-says-captured-town-of-new-york-in-eastern-ukraine-a86085 |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en-US}} The Economist said that the capture of New York showed that Russia was "slowly solidifying its position in Donetsk".{{cite news |title=The world this week: Politics |url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2024/08/22/politics |access-date=25 August 2024 |newspaper=The Economist |issue=9411 |date=24 August 2024 |page=7|url-access=subscription}}

However, the situation in New York improved for Ukraine by 6 September when the Azov Brigade was able to successfully break out of the encirclement of their remaining territory held in the city.{{cite web|work=Kyiv Post|date=6 September 2024|title=Azov Fighters Retake a Part of the Eastern Town of Niu York|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38564}} Despite this, Russian forces were able to capture New York by the end of September.{{cite web|work=The Wall Street Journal|first=James|last=Marson|date=7 October 2024|title=Intense Urban Battles Pitch Russia’s Numbers Against Ukraine’s Agility|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/niu-york-ukraine-russia-war-22fb7fc6?mod=europe_more_article_pos7|quote=A further counterattack in the town by another Ukrainian unit temporarily pushed the Russians back, but by the end of September, they had taken control.}}

file:Дзержинський фенольний завод.JPG plant]]

New York has the {{ill|Fenolna|uk|Фенольна}} passenger and freight train station of the Donets Railway, which connects the town with Sloviansk in the north and with Donetsk in the south.

{{Historical populations

|align = right

|direction =

|percentages = pagr

|cols = 2

|1859 |85

|1908 |1493

|1939 |4737

|1959 |5285

|2001 |11927

|2020 |10064

}}

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the town had a population of 11,927 people.{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Нью-Йорк |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine |publisher=Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-73864 |last=Бабарика |first=Л. А. |date=2021-02-01 |volume=23 |language=Ukrainian |isbn=978-966-02-2074-4}} Their self-reported native languages were:{{Cite web |url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Database/Census/databasetree_uk.asp |title=Розподіл населення за рідною мовою на ukrcensus.gov.ua |access-date=17 October 2016 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731182036/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/Mult/Database/Census/databasetree_uk.asp |url-status=dead }}

• Russian 65.74%
• Ukrainian 33.95%
• Belarusian 0.12%
• Armenian 0.03%
• German and Polish 0.02%
• Romanian 0.01%

In 2021, the population was estimated at less than 10,000 inhabitants by local authorities.

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Saul Bernard |title=The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: A to G |date=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-14554-1 |page=2734 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C6PLxz8EMk0C |language=en}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Niu-York}}

{{Bakhmut Raion}}{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places established in 1892

Category:Rural settlements in Bakhmut Raion

Category:Bakhmutsky Uyezd

Category:Former German settlements in Donetsk Oblast

Category:Toretsk urban hromada