Newlay

Newlay (or sometimes Newlay Bridge) was a hamlet historically in the wapentake of Skyrack,{{cite book |title=Names of all the towns and villages in the county of York, and county of the city of York |date=1768 |location=York |page=60|oclc=518502462}} and was listed as Newlath, New Laith, or New Laithes, which was the name of the grange in the area.{{cite book |last1=Harrison |first1=David |title=The bridges of medieval England : transport and society, 400-1800 |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0191556791 |page=215}}{{cite web |title=New Laithes :: Survey of English Place-Names |url=http://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/browse/West+Riding+of+Yorkshire/Guiseley/532881e8b47fc40c8100244e-New+Laithes |website=epns.nottingham.ac.uk |access-date=25 February 2022}}{{cite web |title=Genuki: In 1822, the following places were in the Parish of Guiseley:, Yorkshire (West Riding) |url=https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Guiseley/more |website=www.genuki.org.uk |access-date=25 February 2022}} The site is possibly the location of the original Horse Ford across the River Aire, which gave the town of Horsforth its name.{{cite book |last1=Ekwall |first1=Eilert |author-link=Eilert Ekwall |title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names |date=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |oclc=1228215388 |page=252|edition=4}}{{sfn|NCA|2008|p=5}} The site has also been recorded as Newlaithbrigge in 1587, indicating the existence of a bridge in the 16th century.{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=A. H. |title=The place-names of the West Riding of Yorkshire |date=1961 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |page=214|oclc=3812789}}

The modern suburb of Newlay is considered part of Horsforth, (adjacent to Newlay to the north), and is {{convert|5|mi|0}} north west of the city centre in Leeds.{{cite news |title=Conservation proposal for Leeds suburb |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10424209 |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=BBC News |date=26 June 2010}}{{cite web |title=Newlay West Riding |url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/24871 |website=visionofbritain.org.uk |access-date=8 March 2022}}{{cite news |last1=McIntyre |first1=Anne |title=Horsforth films on YouTube |url=https://www.ilkleygazette.co.uk/news/18707939.horsforth-films-youtube/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=Ilkley Gazette |date=9 September 2020}} Newlay is part of the parish and ward of Horsforth,{{cite news |title=Rivers 'still rising' as misery goes on |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWGLNB&t=&sort=YMD_date%3AA&fld-base-0=alltext&maxresults=20&val-base-0=Newlay%20bridge&docref=news/10D87110D62F5E51 |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=infoweb.newsbank.com |date=7 November 2000|url-access=subscription}} although anything on the south side of the River Aire is in the Bramley and Stanningley Ward.{{sfn|NCA|2008|p=4}}{{NOMIS2011|id=E05001416|title=Bramley and Stanningley Ward (as of 2011)|accessdate=8 March 2022}}{{NOMIS2011|id=E04000217|title=Horsforth Parish|accessdate=8 March 2022}} Mapping shows Newlay as straddling the river, which forms a natural boundary between wards and parishes.{{cite web |title=Horsforth, Newlay, Newlaithes |url=https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=16&lat=53.82865&lon=-1.63896&layers=168&b=1 |website=maps.nls.uk |access-date=25 February 2022}}{{cite web |title=Newlay, Leeds |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/newlay-leeds |website=OS GetOutside |access-date=25 February 2022}}{{cite web |title=NAWRA {{!}} Newlay and Whitecote Residents Association |url=http://nawra.co.uk/ |website=nawra.co.uk |access-date=8 March 2022}}{{cite book |title=A to Z Leeds & Bradford : including Halifax, Denholme, Bingley, Shipley, Baildon, Guiseley, Horsforth, Pudsey, Rothwell, Morley and Cleckheaton. |date=1993 |publisher=Geographers' Map Co |location=Sevenoaks |isbn=0-85039-125-3 |page=41 |edition=5}} In 1981, most of the suburb north of the river was designated as a conservation area.{{sfn|NCA|2008|p=3}}

The Leeds Liverpool Canal is routed through the south end of Newlay. The canal opened in 1777 and the locks on the canal at Newlay are grade II listed.{{NHLE|desc=Newlay Locks |num=1375088 |grade=II|access-date=25 February 2022 }} The Leeds and Liverpool Canal SSSI is part of the southern area of Newlay.{{cite web |title=Leeds Liverpool Canal SSSI |url=https://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002667%27 |website=magic.defra.gov.uk |access-date=24 February 2022}}{{cite web |title=Leeds-Liverpool Canal |url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/PDFsForWeb/Citation/1004146.pdf |website=designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk |access-date=24 February 2022 }}

The River Aire flows through the southern part of the suburb, alongside the Leeds Liverpool Canal, and the railway lines between {{rws|Leeds}}, {{rws|Ilkley}}, Bradford and {{rws|Skipton}}. In February 2021, Storm Christoph severely damaged the 17th century grade II listed weir on the River Aire.{{cite news |last1=Jagger |first1=David |title=Work starts after 17th Century Newlay weir on River Aire destroyed |url=https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/19100143 |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Telegraph and Argus |date=18 February 2021}} The failure of the weir was attributed to the construction of a fish pass at the Western end of the weir. Vibrations caused by the excavating equipment are thought to have weakened the weir structure.{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=Catherine |title=Question marks over cause of 300-year-old dam collapse |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/question-marks-over-cause-of-300-year-old-dam-collapse-30-07-2021/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=New Civil Engineer |date=30 July 2021}} The weir was constructed in 1690 to channel water into a goit for the Kirkstall Forge works.{{NHLE|desc= Weir and retaining walls on the River Aire|num= 1375482|grade=II|access-date= 25 February 2022}} It is thought that an original goit at this location was built by monks at nearby Kirkstall Abbey to funnel water needed for their corn mill.{{cite book |last1=Parson |first1=Edward |title=The civil, ecclesiastical, literary, commercial, and miscellaneous history of Leeds |date=1834 |publisher=F.  Hobson |location=Leeds |page=408|oclc=21833179}} A large factory was built between the river, railway and canal, which suffered from accidents and fires.{{cite book |last1=Dietz |first1=Sarah |title=British entrepreneurship in Poland : a case study of Bradford Mills at Marki near Warsaw, 1883-1939 |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1317172031 |page=133}} A fire in 1885, when the plant was operating as a dye works and tar distillery, required the Leeds Fire Brigade to attend and extinguish it.{{cite news |last1=McIntyre |first1=Anne |title=Horsforth greengrocer fined for doctored sweets |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWGLNB&t=&sort=YMD_date%3AA&fld-base-0=alltext&maxresults=20&val-base-0=Newlay%20bridge&docref=news/12DF49A781BDC530 |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=infoweb.newsbank.com |date=18 February 2010|url-access=subscription}} Although it was grade II listed, a fire in 2003 ruined the building, and it was demolished soon afterwards, with a housing estate being built on the site.{{cite web |last1=Harting |first1=Robert |title=Industry |url=https://newlayconservationsociety.wordpress.com/history/industry/ |website=newlayconservationsociety.wordpress.com |access-date=7 March 2022 |date=2 March 2014}}

The railway through Newlay was opened to traffic on 30 June 1846, however, the station at Newlay, did not open until 7 September 1847.{{cite book |last1=Bairstow |first1=Martin |title=Railways through Airedale & Wharfedale |date=2004 |publisher=Martin Bairstow |location=Farsley |isbn=1-871944-28-7 |page=33}}{{sfn|NCA|2008|p=6}} The initial push of the railway was for connectivity between Leeds and Bradford, with intermediate stations being built after opening of the line.{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Alan |title=Lost stations of Yorkshire |date=2015 |publisher=Silver Link |location=Kettering |isbn=978-1-85794-438-9 |page=14}} The railway provided access for those who wanted to work in Leeds but live in a more rural location close to the city. This accelerated house building near to the station, but this lessened somewhat in the 1890s when trams were available on the main road into Leeds, which attracted some of the customers away from the railway.{{sfn|NCA|2008|p=6}}

A church (st Margaret's) was built in 1891 on the south side of Pollard Bridge. It burnt down in 1908, and a replacement was built soon afterwards, but this was closed in 1956, and services were moved to another church in Bramley.{{cite web |title=St Margaret's Church |url=https://newlayconservationsociety.wordpress.com/history/st-margarets-church/ |website=newlayconservationsociety.wordpress.com |access-date=10 March 2022 |date=2 March 2014}} In 1916, a munitions factory was opened in Newlay, and like the others opened in and around Leeds at that time, it was staffed by female workers.{{cite book |last1=Hey |first1=David |title=A history of Yorkshire : "county of the broad acres" |date=2005 |publisher=Carnegie Pub |location=Lancaster |isbn=1859361226 |page=431}}{{cite book |last1=Hartley |first1=Owen A. |editor1-last=Fraser |editor1-first=Derek |title=A History of modern Leeds |date=1980 |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=Manchester |isbn=0-7190-0747-X |page=411 |chapter=XVI: The years of political transition}}

Crossings were known at Newlay since at least Anglo-Saxon times, but the first recorded instance of a bridge was in the late 12th century.{{sfn|NCA|2008|p=5}} In 1615, Sir John Howley appealed to the residents of Leathley to contribute to the "..building of a bridge over the water of Aire at Newlath.."

File:Newlay Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1587857.jpg

Pollard Bridge (also known as Newlay Bridge), spans the River Aire at Newlay and was built at the behest of John Pollard. The bridge has four {{convert|75|ft}} cast iron arch ribs aligned together in a row.{{cite book |last1=Yee |first1=Ronald |title=The architecture of British bridges |date=2021 |publisher=Crowood |location=Marlborough |isbn=978-1-78500-794-1 |page=94}} Cast and erected in 1819, the bridge was made by Aydon & Ewell in Bradford, a firm which later became part of the Low Moor Ironworks.{{cite book |last1=Rennison |first1=R. W. |title=Civil engineering heritage; Northern England |date=1996 |publisher=Thomas Telford |location=London |isbn=07277-2518-1 |page=181 |edition=2}} The bridge replaced an earlier structure dating from 1783,{{sfn|NCA|2008|p=5}} (and a previous one was said to have been built in 1616) which connected Pollard's factories on the south of the river with the Leeds to Horsforth turnpike.{{cite web |title=Newlay Bridge |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=51380&sort=4&search=all&criteria=newlay%20bridge&rational=q&recordsperpage=10&resourceID=19191 |website=www.heritagegateway.org.uk |access-date=25 February 2022}} The bridge cost £1,500 ({{Inflation|UK|1,500|1819|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}), and a toll was charged at a rate of half-a-penny, which recouped £600 ({{Inflation|UK|600|1819|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}) per year (1890).{{cite book |last1=Speight |first1=Harry |title=Through Airedale from Goole to Malham |date=1891 |publisher=Walker & Laycock |location=Leeds |page=96|oclc= 5824116}} The bridge was still open to vehicular traffic in the early 1980s, but was pedestrianised in 1984.{{cite news |last1=Pickles |first1=Helen |title=Out and About |work=The Times |issue=61790 |date=24 March 1984 |page=20|issn=0140-0460}} Pollard Bridge is grade II* listed.{{NHLE|desc=Newlay Bridge Pollard Lane |num=1375481 |grade= II*|access-date=25 February 2022}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite report|title=Newlay Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan |website=leeds.gov.uk |publisher=Leeds City Council |url=https://www.leeds.gov.uk/docs/Newlay%20Conservation%20Area%20Appraisal%20and%20Management%20Plan.pdf|date=10 November 2008|access-date=24 February 2022|ref={{harvid|NCA|2008}} }}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://newlayconservationsociety.wordpress.com/ Newlay Conservation Society]
• [https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=16&lat=53.82667&lon=-1.63798&layers=168&b=1 Mapping of Newlay from the 1950s]

Category:City of Leeds

Category:Horsforth