Ngbaka Minagende language

• The trill /r/ mainly occurs in ideophones, in both initial and final position. When it occurs in loanwords, it is often pronounced as a lateral [l].
• The glottal stop /ʔ/ mostly occurs before word-initial vowels.
• Sounds /ŋ͡m, ʔ, h, w/, do not appear in intervocalic position.
• /ŋ/ does not appear in word-initial position
• The fricative /f/ can be pronounced in the western dialects as a voiceless stop [p].
• The voiceless stop /k/ can be pronounced as a voiced stop [ɡ] in the western dialects.{{Cite book|last=Henrix|first=Marcel|title=Description grammaticale de la langue ngbaka: phonologie, tonologie et morphosyntaxe|last2=van den Eynde|first2=Karel|last3=Meeuwis|first3=Michael|publisher=München: Lincom Europa|year=2007}}

Nasalisation is indicated with a tilde on the vowel : {{anglebracket|ã, ɛ̃, ĩ, ɔ̃, ũ}}.

The tones of the syllables are shown with diacritics to prevent ambiguity :

• the high tone is indicated with the acute accent : {{anglebracket|á, é, ɛ́, í, ó, ɔ́, ú, ã́, ɛ̃́, ĩ́, ɔ̃́, ṹ}} ;
• the low tone is indicated with the grave accent  : {{anglebracket|à, è, ɛ̀, ì, ò, ɔ̀, ù, ã̀, ɛ̃̀, ĩ̀, ɔ̃̀, ũ̀}} ;
• the following tones are not usually indicated in the spelling but may be indicated in some linguistic works :
• the medium tone with the vertical line above : {{anglebracket|a̍, e̍, ɛ̍, i̍, o̍, ɔ̍, u̍, ã̍, ɛ̃̍, ĩ̍, ɔ̃̍, ũ̍}} ;
• the falling tone with the circumflex accent : {{anglebracket|â, ê, ɛ̂, î, ô, ɔ̂, ã̂, ɛ̃̂, ĩ̂, ɔ̃̂, ũ̂}} ;
• the rising tone with the caron/hacek : {{anglebracket|ǎ, ě, ɛ̌, ǐ, ǒ, ɔ̌, ã̌, ɛ̃̌, ĩ̌, ɔ̃̌, ũ̌}}.

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.ngbaka.ugent.be/ Ngbaka at Ghent University]

{{Ubangian languages}}

{{Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

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Category:Gbaya languages

Category:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo