Nicholas More

More, also spelled "Moore" or "Moor", was born in London, England,{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=338}} where he married his wife Mary.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}

In 1682, More immigrated to the Thirteen Colonies along with William Penn, and lived in the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania.{{sfn|Biographers|1936| pp=338–9}}{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}} More was trained in London as a medical physician, but he did not engage in that profession after immigrating to British America.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}

Soon after settling in the Society Hill section of Philadelphia, he set up "The Free Society of Traders", and became its president.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}} Along with other English merchants, More obtained a parcel of land including just under ten thousand (9,815){{sfn|Buck|1884| p=975}} acres from Penn for the society in 1684, which became known as the Manor of Moreland.{{cite web|url=http://www.anamericanfamilyhistory.com/Yerkes%20Family/YerkesAnthonyMargaret.htm|title=An American Family History|last1=Tuller|first1=Roberta|date=2013|access-date=26 November 2013}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Part of the land was in Philadelphia County and part was in Montgomery County. More had a town house at the corner of Second and Spruce streets in Philadelphia.{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=338}} He also had a country house at Green Spring, near the Somerton section of Philadelphia.{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=339}}

More became the president or speaker of the first provincial assembly of freemen of Pennsylvania,{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1898|p=389, v.4}} which assembled on December 4, 1682 in Chester, Pennsylvania. He was secretary and clerk to the provincial council in 1683,{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1898|p=389, v.4}} and became a member of the assembly from 1684 to 1685.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}

More was the presiding judge of Philadelphia county courts from 1683 to 1684. He claimed he was an attorney in London, so Penn appointed him to become the first chief justice of the supreme court of the Province of Pennsylvania in 1684.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}

Because of his arrogant and contentious demeanor he was impeached on May 15, 1685 for "high crimes and misdemeanors",{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=339}} charged with abusing his powers.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1898|p=389, v.4}} Ten charges were brought against him{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}} in what was the first case impeachment case of a judge in America.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155 "Shortly after his appointment as chief justice, More became involved in a dispute with the assembly which culminated in the first impeachment trial in American history. ... He was expelled from the assembly and suspended from his judicial position (June 2, 1685), but the council refused to sanction the impeachment proceedings.}}{{sfn|Kane|Anzovin|Podell|1997|p=152, item 2718 The first Judge to be impeached was Nicolas More, chief justice of colonial Philadelphia. He fell under such displeasure that the assembly on May 15, 1685, presented 10 charges of impeachment against him to the council. Among other offenses he was charged with "assuming to himself an unlimited and arbitrary power in office." He was expelled on June 2, 1685, but the council refused to sanction the impeachment proceedings."}}

A letter including More's impeachment was forwarded to Penn, who was then in England.{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=339}} He did not grant his official approval of More's impeachment, and expressed confidence in More's abilities. In 1686, Penn nominated him as one of the five commissioners for the executive branch of the Province of Pennsylvania's government.{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=339}} More was later given back his position as chief justice of the colony of Pennsylvania and his job as judge.{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=339}} More made a jail at his country home grounds at Green Spring, and developed a court for hearing cases for prisoners.{{sfn|Biographers|1936| p=339}}

Even though More was elected a member of the board of five commissioners for the executive government, he was unable to serve the position because of his poor health.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}

More died in Philadelphia, in 1689.{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1898|p=389, v.4}} He was survived by his wife and four children.{{sfn|Malone|American Council of Learned Societies|1934| p=155}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book|last=Biographers|first= Distinguished |date= 1936 |title= The National Cyclopaedia of American biography |location= New York |publisher= James T. White editor }}
• {{cite book|last=Buck|first=William Joseph |title=History of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3U88AAAAIAAJ|year=1884|publisher=Unigraphic}}
• {{cite book|last1=Kane|first1=Joseph Nathan |last2=Anzovin|first2=Steven |last3=Podell|first3=Janet |title=Famous First Facts: Thousands of First Happenings, Discoveries and Inventions that Have Occurred Throughout American History from 10,000 B.C.E. the Date of the Earliest Human Artifacts Found in America, to 1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lwx3twAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=H.W. Wilson Company}}
• {{cite book|last1=Malone|first1=Dumas |last2=American Council of Learned Societies|title=Dictionary of American biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoMGAQAAIAAJ|year=1934|publisher=Scribner's sons}}
• {{cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=James Grant |last2=Fiske|first2=John |title=Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/appletonscyclop11fiskgoog|year=1898|publisher=D. Appleton}}

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Category:Date of birth unknown

Category:1689 deaths

Category:English emigrants

Category:Impeached judges removed from office

Category:Members of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly

Category:Officials impeached by the Thirteen Colonies

Category:Pennsylvania lawyers

Category:People from colonial Pennsylvania

Category:Politicians from London

Category:Speakers of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly