Nieszawa
{{other places}}
{{Expand Polish|topic=geo|date=May 2016|Nieszawa}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nieszawa
| image_skyline = Nieszawa Ratusz.jpg
| image_caption = Town Hall on Market Square
| image_flag =
| image_shield = POL Nieszawa COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| coordinates = {{coord|52|50|12|N|18|54|05|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|name=Kuyavian-Pomeranian}}
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = Aleksandrów
| subdivision_type3 = Gmina
| subdivision_name3 = Nieszawa {{small|(urban gmina)}}
| established_title = Town rights
| established_date = 1460
| area_total_km2 = 9.79
| timezone = CET
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = CEST
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| elevation_m = 50
| population_total = 1985
| population_as_of = 2014
| population_density_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 87-730
| area_code = +48 54
| blank_name = Car plates
| blank_info = CAL
| website =
}}
Nieszawa (Polish pronunciation: {{IPAc-pl|ń|e1|'|sz|a|w|a}}) is a town and a commune in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.{{TERYT}} As of June 30, 2014, the town has a population of 1,985 people. It is located in the historic region of Kuyavia.
History
File:Kościół parafialny pw. św. Jadwigi w Nieszawie-widok od strony ulicy Stanisława Noakowskiego.jpg Church of Saint Hedwig, High Duchess consort of Poland]]
The Statutes of Nieszawa, enacted in this town at 1454, have a significance in Polish legal and social history.
Nieszawa was granted town rights in 1460. In the following centuries it was a royal town of the Kingdom of Poland, administratively located in the Brześć Kujawski County in the Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.{{cite book|author= |title=Atlas historyczny Polski. Kujawy i ziemia dobrzyńska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany|year=2021|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk|page=1}}
According to the 1921 census, the town had a population of 2,381, 90.7% Polish and 7.4% Jewish.{{cite book|author=|title=Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom I|year=1925|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=95}}
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was invaded and then occupied by Germany. The Germans immediately carried mass arrests of Poles as part of the Intelligenzaktion.{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|page=177|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}} Nieszawa was one of the sites of executions of Poles carried out by Germany in 1939 as part of the Intelligenzaktion.{{cite book|author= |title=The Pomeranian Crime 1939|year=2018|location=Warsaw|publisher=IPN|page=43}} In December 1939, the Germans also expelled around 1,000 Poles from the town. Further expulsions of Poles were carried out in 1940.Wardzyńska, p. 225 Houses, offices, shops and workshops of expelled Poles were handed over to Germans as part of the Lebensraum policy.Wardzyńska, p. 178, 225 In 1945 the German occupation ended and the town was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which remained in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s.
Sights
The most important historic landmarks and sights of the town are the Gothic Church of Saint Hedwig (High Duchess consort of Poland), built in the 15th century, which possesses rich Gothic-Renaissance-Baroque interior, the Baroque Franciscan Monastery with the Church of the Invention of the Holy Cross, the Stanisław Noakowski Museum dedicated to Polish architect and artist Stanisław Noakowski, located in his former home, and the historic market square filled with old townhouses and the town hall.
Notable people
- Yisrael Barzilai (born Yisrael Eisenberg, 1913–1970), Israeli politician
- Stanisław Noakowski (1867-1928), architect, watercolorist and art historian
- Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski (1876–1945), writer, explorer, university professor and anti-Communist activist
- {{ill|Jan Woźnicki|pl}} (1881-1945), teacher and parliamentarian
Gallery
Nieszawa muzeum Noakowskiego.jpg|Stanisław Noakowski Museum located in his former home
Nieszawa pomnik Powstancow Styczniowych 02.jpg|Monument to January Uprising participants
Church in Nieszawa from the seventeenth century.jpg|Baroque Invention of the Holy Cross church
Nieszawa urzad pocztowy.jpg|Post office
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|Nieszawa}}
- [http://www.nieszawa.pl/ Nieszawa's official website]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060424060828/http://www.glosnieszawski.klikaj.net/ Official website of the local newspaper]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060902222319/http://www.jagiellonka.mawax.pl/ NKS Jagiellonka Nieszawa - local football club's website]
{{Aleksandrów County}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Cities and towns in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Category:15th-century establishments in Poland