Nieuwe Zakelijkheid

{{Short description|Dutch style of modernist architecture}}

File:Nirwana Den Haag 2007.jpg, by J. Duiker and J.G. Wiebenga]]

Nieuwe Zakelijkheid, translated as New Objectivity or New Pragmatism, is a Dutch period of modernist architecture that started in the 1920s and continued into the 1930s. The term is also used to denote a (brief) period in art and literature (especially the early novels Blokken, Knorrende Beesten, and Bint by Ferdinand BordewijkThere continues to be disagreement as to whether Bordewijk really "belonged" to that style. See Ralf Grüttemeier, "Bordewijk en de Nieuwe Zakelijkheid," in {{cite journal

| title = Ralf Grüttemeier, 'Bordewijk en de Nieuwe Zakelijkheid' · DBNL

| journal = Tijdschrift voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde

| volume = 115

| pages = 334–55

| year = 1999

| url = http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/grut003bord01_01/index.htm

| access-date = 2009-07-21}}). Related to and descended from the German movement Neue Sachlichkeit, Nieuwe Zakelijkheid is characterized by angular shapes and designs that are generally free of ornamentation and decoration. The architecture is based on functional considerations and often includes open layouts that allow spaces to be used with flexibility. Sliding doors were included in some of the designs.D. J. M. van der Voordt, Herman B. R. Wegen [https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZQqdSBrC0QC&pg=PA55&dq=Nieuwe+Zakelijkheid+architecture Architecture in Use] page 56

File:T.T Graansilo CHV-Terrein Veghel - Cropped.jpg in Veghel, by J.G. Wiebenga]]

The movement is associated with Het Nieuwe Bouwen (new building) and was contemporary and related to cubism and De Stijl, and applies similar design principles to architecture.Dennis Sharp [https://books.google.com/books?id=foxUAAAAMAAJ&q=Nieuwe+Zakelijkheid+architecture&dq=Nieuwe+Zakelijkheid+architecture. The Illustrated encyclopedia of architects and architecture] 1991 Dutch architects working in this style included Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld, and J.J.P. Oud.{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZQqdSBrC0QC&dq=Nieuwe+Zakelijkheid+architecture&pg=PA55 | title = Architecture in use: An introduction to the programming, design and evaluation of buildings | isbn = 978-0-7506-6457-8 | last1 = Van Der Voordt | first1 = D. J. M | last2 = Wegen | first2 = Herman B. R | year = 2005}} The architectural style is similar to the artwork of Piet Mondrian, who was working contemporaneously with the architects. Common influences are also seen in furniture designs.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}

Some critics associated the style with dogmatic Marxism or Capitalism, seeing in the buildings a reflection of the mass-produced values that comes with a focus on economy rather than craftsmanship.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}